Abstract
Human pluripotent stem (PS) cells are a relevant platform to model human-specific neurological disorders. In this chapter, we focus on human stem cell models for neuropsychiatric disorders including induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived neural precursor cells (NPCs), neurons and cerebral organoids. We discuss crucial steps for planning human disease modeling experiments. We introduce the different strategies of human disease modeling including transdifferentiation, human embryonic stem (ES) cell-based models, iPS cell-based models and genome editing options. Analysis of disease-relevant phenotypes is discussed. In more detail, we provide exemplary insight into modeling of the neurodevelopmental defects in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and the process of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Besides monogenic diseases, iPS cell-derived models also generated data from idiopathic and sporadic cases.
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Acknowledgments
JK is an associated member of Research Training Grant GRK2162 of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Funding came from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, 01GQ113, 01GM1520A, 01EK1609B and 01GM1905B to B.W.); the Bavarian Ministry of Science and the Arts in the framework of ForINTER and the Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), University Hospital Erlangen (E25).
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Kaindl, J., Winner, B. (2019). Disease Modeling of Neuropsychiatric Brain Disorders Using Human Stem Cell-Based Neural Models. In: Binder, E., Klengel, T. (eds) Behavioral Neurogenomics. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences, vol 42. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2019_111
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