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What Is Memory-Guided Attention? How Past Experiences Shape Selective Visuospatial Attention in the Present

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Processes of Visuospatial Attention and Working Memory

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences ((CTBN,volume 41))

Abstract

What controls our attention? It is historically thought that there are two primary factors that determine selective attention: the perceptual salience of the stimuli and the goals based on the task at hand. However, this distinction doesn’t neatly capture the varied ways our past experience can influence our ongoing mental processing. In this chapter, we aim to describe how past experience can be systematically characterized by different types of memory, and we outline experimental evidence suggesting how attention can then be guided by each of these different memory types. We highlight findings from human behavioral, neuroimaging, and neuropsychological work from the perspective of two related frameworks of human memory: the multiple memory systems (MMS) framework and the neural processing (NP) framework. The MMS framework underscores how memory can be separated based on consciousness (declarative and non-declarative memory), while the NP framework emphasizes different forms of memory as reflective of different brain processing modes (rapid encoding of flexible associations, slow encoding of rigid associations, and rapid encoding of single or unitized items). We describe how memory defined by these frameworks can guide our attention, even when they do not directly relate to perceptual salience or the goals concerning the current task. We close by briefly discussing theoretical implications as well as some interesting avenues for future research.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Note that we do not exhaustively cover the subcategories of non-declarative memories but rather focus on those that are most relevant to attentional guidance. Some studies further distinguish associative and nonassociative forms of memory within non-declarative memory. Here we do not stress this distinction as to provide more specific distinctions in terms of the relationship to attention literature.

  2. 2.

    Note that some of the studies discussed here contain more than a single encoding event, thus not meeting strict definitions of episodic memory which emphasize single exposure acquisition but do align with definitions which include multiple exposures (e.g., so-called “repisodic” memory (Neisser 1981)).

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Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge Thomas M. Biba and Sarah DuBrow’s comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. We also thank the authors who provided their permission for use of their figures.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA

    Danlei Chen

  2. University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA

    J. Benjamin Hutchinson

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  1. Danlei Chen
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  2. J. Benjamin Hutchinson
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Correspondence to Danlei Chen .

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  1. School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK

    Timothy Hodgson

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Chen, D., Hutchinson, J.B. (2018). What Is Memory-Guided Attention? How Past Experiences Shape Selective Visuospatial Attention in the Present. In: Hodgson, T. (eds) Processes of Visuospatial Attention and Working Memory. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences, vol 41. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2018_76

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