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Behavioral Neuroscience of Learning and Memory pp 13–42Cite as

Current Topics Regarding the Function of the Medial Temporal Lobe Memory System

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Part of the book series: Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences ((CTBN,volume 37))

Abstract

The first clear insight that the medial temporal lobe of the human brain was in fact a system of anatomically connected structures that were organized into a memory system came in 1957 from the observations by Brenda Milner of the noted amnesic patient H.M. Subsequent work in humans, monkeys, and rodents has identified all of the components of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) that formed the memory system. Currently, work is ongoing to identify the specific contributions each structure in the medial temporal lobe makes towards the formation and storage of long-term declarative memory. The historical background of this work is described including what insights the study of noted neurologic patients H.M. and E.P. provided for understanding the function of the medial temporal lobe. The development of an animal model of medial temporal lobe function is described. Additionally, the insights that lead to the understanding that the brain contains multiple, anatomically discrete, memory systems are described. Finally, three current topics of debate are addressed: First, does the perirhinal cortex exclusively support memory, or does it support both memory and higher order visual perception? Second, is there an anatomical separation between recollection and familiarity? Third, is the organization of spatial memory different between humans and rats, or perhaps the difference is between the working memory capacities of the two species?

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA

    Robert E. Clark

  2. Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA

    Robert E. Clark

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  1. University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, USA

    Robert E. Clark

  2. VA Medical Center, San Diego, USA

    Robert E. Clark

  3. Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK

    Stephen J. Martin

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Clark, R.E. ( 2017). Current Topics Regarding the Function of the Medial Temporal Lobe Memory System. In: Clark, R.E., Martin, S. (eds) Behavioral Neuroscience of Learning and Memory. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences, vol 37. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2017_481

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