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Identification and Characterization Methods for Microplastics Basing on Spatial Imaging in Micro-/Nanoscales

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Microplastics in Terrestrial Environments

Part of the book series: The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry ((HEC,volume 95))

Abstract

Microplastic pollution is a global problem in recent decades due to their ubiquity in the oceans, sediment, soil, or wastewater. The bioavailability and adsorbability for toxic chemicals of MPs have detrimental effects upon living organisms. This work attempts to provide a critical overview on modern instrumentation and promising techniques for identifying and visualizing micro- or nanoplastics. Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopies combined with microscopies, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), hyperspectral imaging (HSI), and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) were widely used in the identification and visualization of microplastics in organisms and environments. The advantages and limitations of each identification and characterization method were indicated for MP analysis basing on spatial imaging in micro-/nanoscales. In addition, some novel methods may possibly be applied to micro-/nanoplastics identification, such as atomic force microscope (AFM), which may be used to identify and characterize the surface morphology, chemical composition, thermal and mechanical properties of MPs at the nanoscale. However, there is a need to improve and develop new methods to reduce the identification time and effort for sub- or nanomicron plastics and obtain more useful physical and chemical information in environmental MPs.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support by the Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Grant No. 2018D01A38), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41907140), and the West Light Foundation of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. 2016-QNXZ-B-15).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China

    Wenfeng Li & Xiangliang Pan

  2. Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Science, Urumqi, China

    Wenfeng Li & Xiangliang Pan

  3. Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China

    Yongming Luo

  4. Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China

    Yongming Luo

  5. Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China

    Xiangliang Pan

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  1. Wenfeng Li
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Correspondence to Xiangliang Pan .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China

    Defu He

  2. Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China

    Yongming Luo

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Li, W., Luo, Y., Pan, X. (2020). Identification and Characterization Methods for Microplastics Basing on Spatial Imaging in Micro-/Nanoscales. In: He, D., Luo, Y. (eds) Microplastics in Terrestrial Environments. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, vol 95. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2020_446

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