Abstract
Due to the progressive increase in land reclamation projects in Egypt, especially east on Nile Delta, efficient water resources management plans and accurate land cover maps are highly vital. In this chapter, the hydrogeological characteristics of the Quaternary groundwater aquifer east of the Nile Delta are presented. This description includes the geomorphology, lithostratigraphy, geological Structure, surface hydrogeology, and the recharge and discharge of the aquifer. The change in land use maps between 1990 and 2004 shows a significant increase in land reclamation which is critical for informing efficient and sustainable policies for groundwater management. MODFLOW software was used to model groundwater flow in three dimensions based on integration with ArcGIS dataset. The stratigraphy of the aquifer was mapped using the solids approach. The groundwater head distribution was calculated in 1990 and between 1990 and 2004 after model calibration for steady and transient states, respectively. The land use for the year 2004 was used to run the predictive transient model to simulate the groundwater flow and budget analysis for the upcoming 8 years (until 2025). Budget analysis results showed that Ismailia Canal and Damietta Branch are the primary recharge components of the aquifer, while the production wells are the main discharge element. Different strategies for well operation can be implemented to control the withdrawal based on the storage capacity and aquifer yield as well as the rising water table in the low elevated lands.
Abbreviations
- ω :
-
Volumetric flux
- ENE:
-
East-northeast
- FAO:
-
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
- K xx :
-
Hydraulic conductivity along x axis
- K yy :
-
Hydraulic conductivity along y axis
- K zz :
-
Hydraulic conductivity along z axis
- LULC:
-
Land use/land cover maps
- MSL:
-
Mean sea level
- S s :
-
Specific storage
- T :
-
Transmissivity
References
El-Shazly EM, Abd El-Hady MA, El-Shazly MM, El-Kassas IA, El-Ghawaby MA, Salman AB, Morsi MA (1975a) Geology and groundwater potential studies of El Ismailia master plan study area. Remote Sensing Research Project, Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, Cairo, 24 pp
Shatta AA, El-Fayoumy IF (1970) Remarks on the hydrogeology of the Nile Delta, UAR. In: Proceedings of the international symposium on the hydrogeology of deltas, Bucharest, UNESCO, vol II, pp 385–396
Shatta AA, Abdel Salam AA, Harga AA et al (1979) Soil map of the Eastern Delta Region, El Tumilat-Suez. 4th report, internal report, Academy of Scientific Research Technology, Cairo, pp 89–105
Schlumberger (1995) Well evaluation conference of Egypt. Schlumberger Technical Editing Service, Chester, 87 pp
Geriesh MH, Balke KD, El-Rayes AE, Mansour BM (2015) Implications of climate change on the groundwater flow regime and geochemistry of the Nile Delta, Egypt. J Coast Conserv 19(4):589–608. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11852-015-0409-5
El-Dairy MD (1980) Hydrogeological studies on the eastern part of the Nile Delta using isotope techniques. MSc thesis, University of Zagazig, Zagazig
El Haddad IM (2002) Hydrogeological studies and their environmental impact on future management and sustainable development of the new communities and their surroundings, east of the Nile Delta. PhD thesis, University of Mansoura, Mansoura
Egyptian Meteorological Authority (2006) Climatic atlas of Egypt. Arab Republic of Egypt, Ministry of Transportation and Communications, Cairo
FAO, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (1966) High dam soil survey project, vol 3. Ministry of Agriculture, Cairo, pp 1–348
Attwa M, Basokur A, Akca I (2014) Hydraulic conductivity estimation using direct current (DC) sounding data: a case study in East Nile Delta, Egypt. Hydrogeol J 22(5):1163–1178. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-014-1107-3
Arnous MO, Green DR (2015) Monitoring and assessing waterlogged and salt-affected areas in the Eastern Nile Delta region, Egypt, using remotely sensed multi-temporal data and GIS. J Coast Conserv 19(3):369–391. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11852-015-0397-5
El-Fayoumy IF (1968) Geology of ground water supplies in the region east of the Nile Delta and its extension in the north Sinai. PhD thesis, Cairo University, Cairo
Sallouma M (1983) Hydrogeological and hydrogeochemical studies east of the Nile Delta. PhD thesis, University of Ain Shams, Cairo
Elewa HH, Shohaib RE, Qaddah AA, Nousir AM (2013) Determining groundwater protection zones for the Quaternary aquifer of northeastern Nile Delta using GIS-based vulnerability mapping. Environ Earth Sci 68(2):313–331. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-012-1740-x
RIGW/IWACO (1994) Environmental management of groundwater resources project. Inception report
El-Shazly MM, Sanad S, Rofail NH (1975b) Hydrogeological and hydrological investigation of the site of proposed funnel at Kantara (Suez Canal). Technical report, Engineering and Geological Consulting Office, Prof. Dr. M. Abdel Hady, Cairo, pp 1–44
Ismael AMA (2007) Application of remote sensing, GIS, and groundwater flow modelling in evaluating groundwater resources: two case studies – East Nile Delta, Egypt and Gold Valley, California. PhD thesis, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, ProQuest, p 402. ISBN: 0549355057-9780549355052
RIGW/IWACO (1991) Groundwater potential in the Nile Valley and Delta. Internal report, Cairo
RIGW/IWACO (1990) Assessment of groundwater pollution from agricultural activities. TN.77. 01300-90-05, Cairo
Urbano L, Waldron B, Larsen D, Shook H (2006) Groundwater-surface water interactions at the transition of an aquifer from unconfined to confined. J Hydrol 321:200–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.08.001
Pasquier P, Marcotte D (2006) Steady- and transient state inversion in hydrogeology by successive flux estimation. Adv Water Resour 29(12):1934–1952. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2006.02.001
McDonald MG, Harbaugh AW (1988) A modular three-dimensional finite-difference groundwater flow model. US Geological Survey techniques of water resources investigations, book 6, chapter A1, US Geological Survey, Reston, 586 pp
Wang HF, Anderson MP (1982) Introduction to groundwater modelling: finite difference and finite element methods. Academic Press, California, p 256
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Eltarabily, M.G.A., Negm, A.M. (2017). Groundwater Management for Sustainable Development East of the Nile Delta Aquifer. In: Negm, A. (eds) Groundwater in the Nile Delta . The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, vol 73. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2017_102
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2017_102
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-94282-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-94283-4
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)