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Cell Biology and Translational Medicine, Volume 7 pp 61–74Cite as

Transamniotic Stem Cell Therapy

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Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((CBTMED,volume 1237))

Abstract

Transamniotic stem cell therapy (TRASCET) is a novel prenatal therapeutic alternative for the treatment of congenital anomalies. It is based upon the principle of augmenting the pre-existing biological role of select populations of fetal stem cells for targeted therapeutic benefit. For example, amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells (afMSCs) play an integral role in fetal tissue repair, validating the use of afMSCs in regenerative strategies. The simple intra-amniotic delivery of these cells in expanded numbers via TRASCET has been shown to promote the repair of and/or significantly ameliorate the effects associated with major congenital anomalies such as neural tube and abdominal wall defects. For example, TRASCET can induce partial or complete coverage of experimental spina bifida through the formation of a host-derived rudimentary neoskin, thus protecting the spinal cord from further damage secondary to amniotic fluid exposure. Furthermore, TRASCET can significantly reduce the bowel inflammation associated with gastroschisis, a common major abdominal wall defect. After intra-amniotic injection, donor stem cells home to the placenta and the fetal bone marrow in the spina bifida model, suggesting a role for hematogenous cell routing rather than direct defect seeding. Therefore, the expansion of TRASCET to congenital diseases without amniotic fluid exposure, such as congenital diaphragmatic hernia, as well as to maternal diseases, is currently under investigation in this emerging and evolving field of fetal stem cell therapy.

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Abbreviations

afMSC:

amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cell

afNSC:

amniotic fluid-derived neural stem cell

CD45:

cluster of differentiation 45

CDH:

congenital diaphragmatic hernia

CVS:

chorionic villus sampling

Ece:

endothelin converting enzyme

ECMO:

extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

Egf:

epidermal growth factor

Enos:

endothelial nitric oxide synthase

Er-a:

endothelin receptor-a

Er-b:

endothelin receptor-b

FDA:

Food and Drug Administration

Fgf-2:

fibroblast growth factor-2

Fgf-10:

fibroblast growth factor-10

H&E:

hematoxin and eosin

HSC:

hematopoietic stem cell

MOMS:

management of myelomeningocele study

MRI:

magnetic resonance imaging

MSC:

mesenchymal stem cell

NSC:

neural stem cell

NTD:

Neural tube defect

PCR:

polymerase chain reaction

pMSC:

placental-derived mesenchymal stem cell

pPet-1:

pre-Proendothelin-1

qRT-PCR:

quantitative real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction

SPC:

surfactant protein-C

Tgfb-1:

transforming growth factor-b-1

TRASCET:

transamniotic stem cell therapy

Vegf-a:

vascular endothelial growth factor-a

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  1. Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Stefanie P. Lazow & Dario O. Fauza

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  1. Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada

    Kursad Turksen

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Lazow, S.P., Fauza, D.O. (2019). Transamniotic Stem Cell Therapy. In: Turksen, K. (eds) Cell Biology and Translational Medicine, Volume 7. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology(), vol 1237. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2019_416

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