Abstract
Recent advances require a dual evaluation of germ and somatic stem cell niches with a regenerative medicine perspective. For a better point of view of the niche concept, it is needed to compare the microenvironments of those niches in respect to several components. The cellular environment of spermatogonial stem cells’ niche consists of Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, vascular endothelial cells, epididymal fat cells, peritubular myoid cells while hematopoietic stem cells have mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, megacaryocytes, macrophages, vascular endothelial cells, pericytes and adipocytes in their microenvironment. Not only those cells’, but also the effect of the other factors such as hormones, growth factors, chemokines, cytokines, extracellular matrix components, biomechanical forces (like shear stress, tension or compression) and physical environmental elements such as temperature, oxygen level and pH will be clarified during the chapter. Because it is known that the microenvironment has an important role in the stem cell homeostasis and disease conditions, it is crucial to understand the details of the microenvironment and to be able to compare the niche concepts of the different types of stem cells from each other, for the regenerative interventions. Indeed, the purpose of this chapter is to point out the usage of niche engineering within the further studies in the regenerative medicine field. Decellularized, synthetic or non-synthetic scaffolds may help to mimic the stem cell niche. However, the shared or different characteristics of germ and somatic stem cell microenvironments are necessary to constitute a proper niche model. When considered from this aspect, it is possible to produce some strategies on the personalized medicine by using those artificial models of stem cell microenvironment.
The original data that is presented in this work is supported by Technical and Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK, # 113S819) and, Hacettepe University Research Fund (# THD-2017-13430, # 013D04101005) grants. The authors do not have any financial disclosure.
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Abbreviations
- 2-AG:
-
2 arachidonoyl glycerol
- ABP:
-
Androgen Binding Protein
- ADAM:
-
A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease
- AEA:
-
(anandamide), N-arachidonoyl ethanolamine
- AGM:
-
Aorta-Gonad-Mesonephros
- BADGE:
-
Bisphenol A Diglycidyl Ether
- bFGF:
-
Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor
- BMP:
-
Bone Morphogenetic Protein
- BTB:
-
Blood Testis Barrier
- CB1 :
-
Cannabinoid receptor targets type-1
- CB2:
-
Cannabinoid receptor targets type-2
- CLEC-2:
-
C-type lectin-like receptor-2
- CNS:
-
Central Nervous System
- CSF1:
-
Colony Stimulating factor 1
- CSFR1:
-
CSF1 Receptor
- CXCL12:
-
Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12
- CXCR4:
-
Chemokine receptor type 4
- EC:
-
Endothelial Cell
- ECM:
-
Extracellular Matrix
- ECS:
-
Endocannabinoids
- ES:
-
Ectoplazmic
- EWAT:
-
Epididymal White Adipose Tissue
- FAAH:
-
Fatty Acid Amide hydrolase
- FGF:
-
Fibroblast Growth Factor
- FGFR2:
-
FGF Receptor 2
- FSH:
-
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone
- G-CSF:
-
Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor
- GDNF:
-
Glial cell-line Derived Neutrophic Factor
- GFRA1:
-
GDNF-Family Receptor α1
- GPCR:
-
G Protein-Coupled Receptors
- hCG:
-
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
- HSC:
-
Hematopoietic Stem Cells
- HSPC:
-
Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells
- IM:
-
Interstitial Macrophage
- KDR:
-
Kinase Insert Domain Receptor
- LC:
-
Leydig Cell
- LH:
-
Luteinizing Hormone
- MAGL:
-
Monoacylglycerol lipase
- MAPK:
-
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase
- MEF:
-
Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast
- MMPs:
-
Matrix Metalloproteinases
- MSC:
-
Mesenchymal Stem Cells
- Nes+:
-
Nestin Positive
- NO:
-
Nitric Oxide
- PGC:
-
Primordial Germ Cell
- PM:
-
Peritubular Macrophage
- PMC:
-
Peritubular Myoid Cell
- PN:
-
Postnatal
- PPAR-γ:
-
Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ
- PPR:
-
Parathyroid hormone protein receptor
- RA:
-
Retinoic acid
- RET:
-
Receptor Tyrosine Kinase
- Runx2hi:
-
Runx2 high
- SC:
-
Sertoli Cell
- SCF:
-
Stem Cell Factor (KIT ligand)
- SFK:
-
Src Family Kinase
- SSC:
-
Spermatogonial Stem Cell
- STO:
-
SIM mouse embryo-derived thioquanine – and- quabian –resistant cells
- TJ:
-
Tight Junction
- TPO:
-
Thrombopoietin
- VE:
-
Vascular Endothelial
- VEGF:
-
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
- VEGFR2:
-
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2
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Köse, S., Yersal, N., Önen, S., Korkusuz, P. (2018). Comparison of Hematopoietic and Spermatogonial Stem Cell Niches from the Regenerative Medicine Aspect. In: Turksen, K. (eds) Cell Biology and Translational Medicine, Volume 3. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology(), vol 1107. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2018_217
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