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Progress in the Area of High Energy Density Materials

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50 Years of Structure and Bonding – The Anniversary Volume

Part of the book series: Structure and Bonding ((STRUCTURE,volume 172))

Abstract

Great strides have been made in increasing performance and decreasing sensitivity in energetic materials since the first commercialization of nitroglycerine (NG) in the form of dynamite in 1867 by Alfred Nobel. However, the high energy manufacturers continue to rely on traditional chemicals to meet their needs. New energetic materials must be developed to extend their capabilities and handling capabilities. The new materials which have been prepared recently have led to new possibilities. Important advances have been made especially in the area of high-nitrogen compounds, organic difluoramine derivatives. Computational simulations have also led not only to a greater insight into the basic thermodynamics and kinetics of these materials but also their practical behavior in the field. This chapter summarizes new developments that have been achieved since Volume 126 of Structure and Bonding, which was published in 2007 and gave a comprehensive review of the field.

Since the book “High Energy Density Materials” was published in 2007 [Structure and Bonding, Vol. 125/2007: High Energy Density Compounds, T. M. Klapötke (vol. editor), D. M. P. Mingos (series editor), Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, 2007], significant advances have been made especially in the area of high-nitrogen compounds, organic difluoramine derivatives, and computational simulations.

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Abbreviations

BDNPA/F:

1:1 Mixture of bis(2,2-dinitropropyl) acetal and bis(2,2-dinitropropyl) formal

CBNT:

Carbonic dihydrazidinium bis[3-(5-nitroimino-1,2,4-triazolate)] DNAN dinitroanisole

FOX-7:

1,1-Diamino-2,2-dinitroethene

HMX:

Octogen

HNFX:

3,3,7,7-Tetrakis(difluoramino)octahydro-1,5-dinitro-1,5-diazocine

LLM-105:

2,6-Diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine 1-oxide

NG:

Nitroglycerine

NTO:

Nitrotriazolinone

PrNQ:

Propyl nitroguanidine

RDX:

Hexogen

TKX-50:

Bis(hydroxylammonium) 5,5′-bitetrazolate 1,1′-dioxide

TNT:

Trinitrotoluene

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Acknowledgments

Financial support of this work by the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), the US Army Research Laboratory (ARL), the Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center (ARDEC), the Office of Naval Research (ONR) under grant no. ONR.N00014-12-1-0538, and the Bundeswehr–Wehrtechnische Dienststelle für Waffen und Munition (WTD 91) under grant no. E/E91S/FC015/CF049 is gratefully acknowledged. The authors acknowledge collaborations with Dr. Muhamed Suceska (Brodarski Institut, Croatia) in the development of new computational codes to predict the detonation and propulsion parameters of novel explosives. We are indebted to and thank Drs. Betsy M. Rice and Ed Byrd (ARL, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD) and Dr. Anthony Bellamy for many inspired discussions and their help preparing this chapter.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Energetic Materials Research, Munich, 81377, Germany

    Thomas M. Klapötke

  2. Chemistry Branch (Code 4F0000D), Research Division, Research and Intelligence Department, Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division, Naval Air Systems Command, China Lake, CA, 93555-6106, USA

    Robert D. Chapman

Authors
  1. Thomas M. Klapötke
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  2. Robert D. Chapman
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Thomas M. Klapötke .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

    D. Michael P. Mingos

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Klapötke, T.M., Chapman, R.D. (2015). Progress in the Area of High Energy Density Materials. In: Mingos, D. (eds) 50 Years of Structure and Bonding – The Anniversary Volume. Structure and Bonding, vol 172. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/430_2015_190

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