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Calcium and Bone

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Bone Regulators and Osteoporosis Therapy

Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 262))

Abstract

The maintenance of extracellular calcium levels within a narrow range is necessary for normal function of the nervous system, muscle, and coagulation, to maintain mineralization of the skeleton but to avoid calcification of soft tissues. Accordingly, absorption and excretion of calcium is closely regulated, and adult humans can adapt to a wide range of calcium intakes from 300 to 2,000 mg/day. The evidence that low calcium intakes contribute to osteoporosis development is weak, as is evidence that increasing these intakes significantly changes fracture risk. Consistent with this view, the United States Preventive Services Task Force does not support the use of calcium supplements in healthy community-dwelling adults. While some groups continue to recommend that supplements of calcium and vitamin D are given with drug treatments for osteoporosis, this view is not supported by clinical trials which demonstrate anti-fracture efficacy of estrogens and bisphosphonates in the absence of such supplementation. Thus, calcium supplements have only a minor place in contemporary medical practice.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

    Ian R. Reid & Sarah M. Bristow

  2. Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand

    Ian R. Reid

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  1. Ian R. Reid
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Correspondence to Ian R. Reid .

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  1. Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA

    Paula H. Stern

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Reid, I.R., Bristow, S.M. (2019). Calcium and Bone. In: Stern, P.H. (eds) Bone Regulators and Osteoporosis Therapy. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 262. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/164_2019_324

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