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The Impact of Pharmacogenomics in Personalized Medicine

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Current Applications of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology

Part of the book series: Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology ((ABE,volume 171))

Abstract

Recent advances in Pharmacogenomics have made it possible to understand the reasons behind the different response of a drug. Discovery of genetic variants and its association with the varying response of drug provide the basis for recommending a drug and its dose to an individual patient. Genetic makeup-based prescription, design, and implementation of therapy not only improve the outcome of treatments but also reduce the risk of toxicity and other adverse effects. A better understanding of individual variations and their effect on drug response, metabolism excretion, and toxicity will replace the trial-and-error approach of treatment. Evidence of the clinical utility of pharmacogenetics testing is only available for a few medications, and FDA labels only require pharmacogenetics testing for a small number of drugs. Although there is a great promise, there are not many examples where Pharmacogenomics impacts clinical utility. Some genetic variants related to different diseases have been reported, and many have not been studied yet. The information related to the outcome of treatment with a particular drug and a genetic variant can be used to release a warning/label for the use of that drug. There are many limitations in the way of implementing the goal of personalized medicine. Future advances in the field of genomics, diagnosis approaches, data analysis, clinical decision-making, and sustainable business model for personalization of therapy can speed up the individualization of therapy based on genetic makeup.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Dev Bukhsh Singh

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  1. UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

    Ana Catarina Silva

  2. FP-ENAS (UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit), CEBIMED (Biomedical Research Centre), Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, Porto, Portugal

    Ana Catarina Silva

  3. Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (CNC) and Faculty of Pharmacy (FFUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

    João Nuno Moreira

  4. UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

    José Manuel Sousa Lobo

  5. UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

    Hugo Almeida

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Singh, D.B. (2019). The Impact of Pharmacogenomics in Personalized Medicine. In: Silva, A.C., Moreira, J.N., Lobo, J.M.S., Almeida, H. (eds) Current Applications of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology. Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology, vol 171. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/10_2019_110

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