The Biology of Early Influences

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xii

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2. Lifelong Influences from the Beginning

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-2

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   2. Mechanisms of Activity-Dependent Motoneuron Development and Survival in the Chick Embryo

      • Ronald W. Oppenheim

      Pages 3-13

   3. Cochlear Influences on Development of the Brainstem Auditory System

      • Thomas N. Parks

      Pages 15-34

   4. Early Influences on Gustatory Development

      • David L. Hill

      Pages 35-52

   5. Influence of Early Salt Diet on Taste and Blood Pressure in Rats

      • Robert J. Contreras

      Pages 53-70

3. Youthful Exposure

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 71-72

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   2. The Role of Early Experience in Olfactory Bulb Cell Survival

      • Brett Johnson, Michael Leon

      Pages 73-85

   3. Transneuronal Signals for Afferent Regulation in the Chick Auditory System

      • Richard L. Hyson

      Pages 87-104

   4. The Developmental Influence of Inhibitory Synaptic Transmission

      • Dan H. Sanes, Vibhakar C. Kotak, Kent K. Fitzgerald

      Pages 105-131

4. Transformations

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 133-134

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   2. Metamorphosis as Midlife Crisis

      • Janis C. Weeks

      Pages 135-151

   3. Development of the Olfactory System in the African Clawed Frog, Xenopus Laevis

      • Gail D. Burd

      Pages 153-170

   4. Afferent Regulation of Developmental Fate in the Songbird Telencephalon

      • Frank Johnson

      Pages 171-184

   5. The Effects of Neuronal Growth and Social Experience on the Development of Behavioral Plasticity

      • Donald H. Edwards

      Pages 185-199

5. Back Matter

   Pages 201-203

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The underlying theme of this book the role of experience in the development of the nervous system. It is now widely acknowledged that there are a variety of organi- environment interactions that guide the development of the nervous system. The popular press has also picked up on this theme and parents are being advised to enrich their child's sensory experience as early as possible. The importance of experience in development is so well accepted that it has begun to dictate public policy. In 1997, the President and First Lady hosted "The White House Conference on Early Childhood Development and Learning: What New Research on the Brain Tells Us About Our Youngest Children. " Along with this conference came a reemphasis on programs directed at enriching the en- ronment of America's youth. In some cases laws have been passed to assure enhanced early experience. In Georgia, the former governor proposed sending newborn children home from the hospital with classical music CDs. This received some praise, but was also ridiculed by others who felt the policy was not justified by the available scientific evidence. Here in Florida, enhanced "brain development activities" are mandated for sta- funded child care facilities. Chapter 402. 25 of the 1998 State of Florida Statues reads (emphasis added): Infants and toddlers in state-funded education and care programs; brain development activities.

• Deprivation
• Nervous System
• anatomy
• brainstem
• neurons

• Florida State University, Tallahassee

  Richard L. Hyson, Frank Johnson

Policies and ethics