Evolution and Impact of Transposable Elements

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-vii

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2. Structure of transposable element

   1. LTR retrotransposons and the evolution of eukaryotic enhancers

      • John F. McDonald, Lilya V. Matyunina, Susanne Wilson, I. King Jordan, Nathan J. Bowen, Wolfgang J. Miller

      Pages 3-13

   2. What makes Grande1 retrotransposon different?

      • José A. Martínez-Izquierdo, José García-Martínez, Carlos M. Vicient

      Pages 15-28

   3. About the origin of retroviruses and the co-evolution of the gypsy retrovirus with the Drosophila flamenco host gene

      • A. Pélisson, L. Teysset, F. Chalvet, A. Kim, N. Prud’homme, C. Terzian et al.

      Pages 29-37

   4. Structural analysis of Drosophila subobscura gypsy elements (gypsyDs)

      • T. M. Alberola, L. Bori, R. de Frutos

      Pages 39-48

   5. Evolution of R1 and R2 in the rDNA units of the genus Drosophila

      • Thomas H. Eickbush, William D. Burke, Danna G. Eickbush, Warren C. Lathe III

      Pages 49-61

   6. Do the integrases of LTR-retrotransposons and class II element transposases have a common ancestor?

      • Pierre Capy, Thierry Langin, Dominique Higuet, Patricia Maurer, Claude Bazin

      Pages 63-72

3. Transposable elements and heterochromatin

   1. Evolutionary links between telomeres and transposable elements

      • M. L. Pardue, O. N. Danilevskaya, K. L. Traverse, K. Lowenhaupt

      Pages 73-84

   2. Constitutive heterochromatin and transposable elements in Drosophila melanogaster

      • Patrizio Dimitri

      Pages 85-93

   3. P element regulation and X-chromosome subtelomeric heterochromatin in Drosophila melanogaster

      • Stéphane Ronsseray, Monique Lehmann, Danielle Nouaud, Dominique Anxolabéhère

      Pages 95-107

4. Transposable elements and host phylogenies

   1. Quasispecies in retrotransposons: a role for sequence variability in Tnt1 evolution

      • Josep M. Casacuberta, Samantha Vernhettes, Colette Audeon, Marie-Angèle Grandbastien

      Pages 109-117

   2. Genetic and molecular investigations on the endogenous mobile elements of non-drosophilid fruitflies

      • C. Torti, L. M. Gomulski, A. R. Malacrida, P. Capy, G. Gasperi

      Pages 119-129

   3. Genomic distribution of the retrovirus-like element ZAM in Drosophila

      • E. Baldrich, P. Dimitri, S. Desset, P. Leblanc, D. Codipietro, C. Vaury

      Pages 131-140

   4. CM-gag, a transposable-like element reiterated in the genome of Culex pipiens mosquitoes, contains only a gag gene

      • N. Bensaadi-Merchermek, C. Cagnon, I. Desmons, J. C. Salvado, S. Karama, F. D’Amico et al.

      Pages 141-148

5. Dynamics and regulation of transposable elements

   1. Evidence for a host role in regulating the activity of transposable elements in Drosophila melanogaster: the case of the persistent instability of Bari 1 elements in Charolles stock

      • Nikolaj Junakovic, Carmen Di Franco, Alessandro Terrinoni

      Pages 149-154

   2. Plant S1 SINEs as a model to study retroposition

      • N. Gilbert, P. Arnaud, A. Lenoir, S. I. Warwick, G. Picard, J. M. Deragon

      Pages 155-160

   3. Maintenance of transposable element copy number in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans

      • Christian Biémont, Cristina Vieira, Christine Hoogland, Géraldine Cizeron, Catherine Lœvenbruck, Claude Arnault et al.

      Pages 161-166

   4. Accumulation of transposable elements in laboratory lines of Drosophila melanogaster

      • Sergey V. Nuzhdin, Elena G. Pasyukova, Trudy F. C. Mackay

      Pages 167-175

   5. Regulation of the transposable element mariner

      • Daniel L. Hartl, Allan R. Lohe, Elena R. Lozovskaya

      Pages 177-184

   6. The evolution of Ty 1-copia group retrotransposons in eukaryote genomes

      • Andrew J. Flavell, Stephen R. Pearce, J.S. Pat Heslop-Harrison, Amar Kumar

      Pages 185-195

During the last 50 years, the perception oftransposable elements (TEs) has changed considerably from selfish DNA to sequences that may contribute significantly to genome function and evolution. The recent increased interest in TEs is based on the realization that they are a major genetic component (at least 10--20%) of all organisms and a major contributor to the mutation process. It is currently estimated that 70--80% of spontaneous mutations are the result of TE-mediated insertions, deletions, or chromosomal rearrangements. Thus, it seems at least plausible that TEs may playa significant role in the adaptation and evolution of natural populations and species. The ubiquity of TEs suggests that they are an old component of genomes which have been vertically transmitted through generations over evolutionary time. However, detailed analyses carried out over the last 20 years have revealed several unusual features of TE evolution: (i) TEs can be horizontally transferred between species; (ii) TE evolutionary rates can be dramatically increased by specific inactivation processes, such as the RIP (Repeat Induced Point mutation) mechanism in fungi; (iii) TEs can influence the regulation of other TEs by insertion or deletion; (iv) different classes of TEs in even distantly related species can be remarkably similar in both structure and function.

• Chromosome
• Telomere
• conservation
• eukaryote
• evolution
• molecular biology
• rDNA
• the origin

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