Multiple Risk Factors in Cardiovascular Disease

1. Antihypertensive Agents and Cardiovascular Risk

   • Norman K. Hollenberg

   Pages 165-172

2. Hypertension and Atherosclerosis: Role of Calcium Antagonists as Antiatherogenic Agents with an Emphasis on Clinical Trials

   • James R. Sowers, Sleman Khoury

   Pages 173-178

3. Stepped-Care Versus Individualized Antihypertensive Treatment in the 1990’s

   • Alberto Zanchetti

   Pages 179-182

4. Body Fat Distribution and Cardiovascular Disease

   • P. Björntorp

   Pages 183-189

5. Lipoprotein(a) as an Athero-Antifibrinolytic Risk Factor

   • Angelo M. Scanu

   Pages 191-196

6. Aspirin in the Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease

   • Charles H. Hennekens

   Pages 197-200

7. Interactions of Atherogenic Lipoproteins with Endothelium and Blood Cells

   • E. Tremoli, S. Eligini, R. Paoletti

   Pages 201-207

8. Left Ventricular Mass as a Measure of Preclinical Disease in Patients with Hypertension

   • Richard B. Devereux, Michael J. Koren, Mary J. Roman, John H. Laragh

   Pages 209-214

9. Increased Triglyceride Levels and Cardiovascular Disease

   • A. M. Gotto Jr.

   Pages 215-224

10. Whither Triglycerides in the Cholesterol Campaign

    • William P. Castelli

    Pages 225-228

11. Plasma Triglyceride and Coronary Heart Disease

    • Melissa A. Austin

    Pages 229-233

12. Role of High Density Lipoprotein in Plasma Lipid Transport: is Cholesterol Efflux from Cells Coupled to Lipolysis of Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins?

    • Norman E. Miller

    Pages 235-239

13. Non-Pharmacological Measures to Improve HDL-Cholesterol and Plasma Triglyceride Levels

    • M. Mancini, G. Annuzzi, F. Contaldo

    Pages 241-246

14. Drugs Affecting HDL/Triglyceride Levels

    • Cesare R. Sirtori

    Pages 247-254

15. Fibrates and Reversal of Atherogenic Particles

    • A. Gaw, B. A. Griffin, M. J. Caslake, C. J. Packard, J. Shepherd

    Pages 255-258

16. HDL Cholesterol: Methodological Considerations and Laboratory Performance

    • G. Russell Warnick

    Pages 259-264

17. Back Matter

    Pages 265-268

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This book includes the most significant contributions of the First International Symposium on "Multiple risk factors in cardiovascular disease", chaired by Professors A. V. Chobanian (Boston), A. M. Gotto Jr. (Houston), c. Lenfant (Bethesda), R. Paoletti and A. Zanchetti (Milan), held in Washington DC, 10-12 December 1990, which focused on the risk factors for cardiovascular disease and their interactions. The need for this symposium is based on the epidemiological evidence that individuals from industrialized countries often possess two or more risk factors which synergically increase the global risk profile. The evidence that isolated vascular risk factors are not commonly found in high risk patients but more often a combination of risk factors are detected, is highlighted. Many recent epidemiological data identifying the intrinsic and environ­ mental factors contributing to the development of atherosclerosis are discussed. These results, in parallel to basic and clinical research, underline how atherosclerosis is a complex and multifac­ torial process involving the influences of lipid deposition, blood pressure, rheologic forces, carbohydrate tolerance, and thrombogenic factors (fibrinogen and platelets). Atherosclerosis is markedly accelerated by other risk factors, more so in the presence of concomitant hypercholes­ terolemia, hypertension, diabetes, upper body obesity. Furthermore, the risk associated with anyone of these risk factors varies widely depending on level of the associated atherogenic risk factors.

• Diabetes
• Internist
• cardiovascular
• hypertension
• insulin
• pathophysiology
• physiology

• Baylor College of Medicine and The Methodist Hospital, Houston, USA

  Antonio M. Gotto

• National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, USA

  Claude Lenfant

• Institute of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

  Rodolfo Paoletti, Maurizio Soma

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