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Frontiers Of Space And Ground-Based Astronomy

The Astrophysics of the 21st Century

  • Book
  • © 1994

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Editors:
  1. W. Wamsteker

    1. ESA IUE Observatory VILSPA, Madrid, Spain

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  2. M. S. Longair

    1. Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

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  3. Y. Kondo

    1. NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, USA

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Part of the book series: Astrophysics and Space Science Library (ASSL, volume 187)

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Table of contents (126 chapters)

  1. Front Matter

    Pages i-xxiii
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  2. Achievements of the Present Generation of Space Observatories

    1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-3
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    2. The Gamma-Ray sky According to Compton

      • D. A. Kniffen, E. Chipman, N. Gehrels
      Pages 5-16

    3. Comptel view of the Sky in MEV Gamma Rays

      • K. Bennett, COMPTEL Collaboration
      Pages 17-22

    4. Galactic Hard X-Ray Sources viewed by Sigma

      • J. Ballet, P. Laurent, F. Lebrun, J. Paul, J. P. Roques, P. Mandrou et al.
      Pages 23-33

    5. Review of Galactic Center Observations with Granat

      • E. Churazov, M. Gilfanov, R. Sunyaev, S. Grebenev, M. Markevich, M. Pavlinsky et al.
      Pages 35-46

    6. Highlights of Rosat

      • J. TrÜmper
      Pages 47-51

    7. ASCA and YOHKOH: The Current Generation of Small Japanese Satellites

      • M. Oda
      Pages 53-55

    8. EUV Astronomy with the Rosat wide Field Camera

      • R. S. Warwick
      Pages 57-66

    9. Preliminary Science Results from the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer

      • Stuart Bowyer
      Pages 67-76

    10. 15 Years of IUE

      • Willem Wamsteker
      Pages 77-86

    11. Highlights of the Hubble Space Telescope

      • H. S. Stockman
      Pages 87-94

    12. The Contribution of Hipparcos to Fundamental Astronomy

      • M. A. C. Perryman, The ESA Hipparcos Science Team
      Pages 95-104

    13. Recent Results from the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE)

      • John C. Mather
      Pages 105-112

    14. Maintaining the Astronomical Environment for Space Astronomy

      • M. C. E. Huber
      Pages 113-120

  3. Achievements of the Present Generation of Ground-Based Telescopes

    1. Front Matter

      Pages 121-121
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    2. Large Ground-Based Telescopes

      • L. Woltjer
      Pages 123-127

    3. Ground-Based Infrared Astronomy

      • E. E. Becklin
      Pages 129-132

    4. New Directions for Millimeter Astronomy in the 21st Century

      • D. Downes
      Pages 133-143

    5. Very Long Baseline Interferometry Recent Results and Future Prospects

      • A. C. S. Readhead
      Pages 145-154
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Keywords

About this book

ROSAT Observations G. HASINGER Max-Planck-Institut flir extraterrestrische Physik, D-85740 Garching, Germany Abstract. This review describes the most recent advances in the study of the extragalactic soft X-ray background and what we can learn about its constituents. The deepest pointed observations with the ROSAT PSPC are discussed. The logN-logS relation is presented, which reaches to the faintest X-ray fluxes and to the highest AGN surface densities ever achieved. The N(>S) relation shows a 2 density in excess of 400 deg- at the faintest fluxes and a flattening below the Einstein Deep Survey limit. About 60% of the extragalactic background has been resolved in the deepest field. Detailed source spectra and first optical and radio identifications will be discussed. The results are put into perspective of the higher energy X -ray background. Key words: X-rays, background radiations, active galactic nuclei. 1. Introduction The extragalactic X-ray background (XRB), discovered about 30 years ago, has been studied extensively with many X-ray experiments, in particular with the satel­ lites HEAO I and II (see ego Boldt 1987) and with ROSAT (e. g. Hasinger et aI. , 1993). Figure 1 shows a compilation of some of the most recent spectral measure­ ments for the X-ray background. Over the energy range from 3 to about 100 keY its spectrum can be well approximated by an optically thin thermal bremsstrahlung model with kT ~ 40 keY, while at lower X-ray energies a steepening into a new component has been observed observed (e. g.

Editors and Affiliations

  • ESA IUE Observatory VILSPA, Madrid, Spain

    W. Wamsteker

  • Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

    M. S. Longair

  • NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, USA

    Y. Kondo

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