Biotechnology Research and Applications

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-viii

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2. Agricultural Biotechnology

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-1

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   2. Genetic Engineering of Rumen Bacteria for Improved Productive Efficiency in Ruminants

      • Ron M. Teather

      Pages 3-11

   3. Biotechnology Applied in Animal Vaccine Development and Production

      • L. A. Babiuk

      Pages 12-23

   4. Applications of Biotechnology to the Diagnoses of Animal Diseases

      • Ann D. E. Fraser

      Pages 24-32

   5. Toward Directed Fatty acid Modification in Oilseeds

      • L. Holbrook, W. R. Scowcroft, M. M. Moloney, M. Schmiemann

      Pages 33-42

3. Bioengineering and Bioprocessing

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 43-43

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   2. Observation of a Possible Pause Mutant in the Synthesis and Expression of Synthetic T4-Lysozyme in E. Coli

      • S. A. Narang, J. Phipps, J. Michniewicz, G. Dubuc, W. Waseen, M. Yaguchi et al.

      Pages 45-56

   3. Engineering a Stable Protease

      • Philip Bryan, Michele Rollence, Jay Wood, Steven Quill, Steven Dodd, Mark Whitlow et al.

      Pages 57-67

   4. Computer Applications in Fermentation Research

      • Paul P. Matteau, Gunilla K. E. Seifert

      Pages 68-77

   5. Affinity Ultrafiltration for Purifying Specialty Chemicals

      • J. H. T. Luong, K. B. Male, A. L. Nguyen, A. Mulchandani

      Pages 78-93

   6. Ammonium Concentration Control in Fed-Batch Fermentations for the Production of Biomass and Enzymes

      • Manoj M. Kole, Donald F. Gerson

      Pages 94-103

   7. Liquid-Liquid Separations in Biotechnology

      • Donald F. Gerson

      Pages 104-109

   8. The Influence of Bioreactor Design on the Production of High-Quality Polymers

      • Hugh G. Lawford, Jared E. Fein, Anne Kligerman

      Pages 110-119

   9. The Impact of Downstream Recovery Operations on Upstream Production Methods: Vertical Integration and Process Optimization

      • Scott M. Wheelwright

      Pages 120-129

   10. Protease Inactivation During Downstream Processing

       • A. Sadana

       Pages 130-140

   11. The ‘Cyclone Column’ and Continuous Phased Culture

       • P. S. S. Dawson

       Pages 141-151

4. Biosensors

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 153-153

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   2. General Aspects of the Use of Sensors in Biotechnology with Special Emphasis on Cell Cultivation

      • Ken Gary, Peter Meier, Ken Ludwig

      Pages 155-164

   3. Receptor Modulated State-Switching of Lipid Membrane Biosensors

      • U. J. Krull, R. S. Brown, R. N. Koilpillai, R. Nespolo, E. T. Vandenberg

      Pages 165-174

Historically, ruminant animals have provided farmers with the ability to utilize marginal lands for the production of high quality food for human consumption. Ruminants are able to derive their nourishment from feeds that are not in themselves capable of meeting the nutritional needs of the animal. They do this by supporting in the rumen, which is a greatly enlarged region of the stomach which precedes the animals digestive system, a microbial fermentation system. This system partially degrades complex polysaccharides and provides to the animal not only the degradation products (chiefly volatile fatty acids), but also secondary microbial metabolites and microbial biomass (most importantly microbial protein, which can be synthetized from inorganic nitrogen sources). A ruminant animal is able to survive, if not thrive, on a diet containing only cellulose, a non-protein nitrogen source such as urea, and trace minerals. The capacity of the rumen to process low quality feeds is limited by factors such as rumen volume, the time required for digestion of these feeds in the rumen, and the ability of the animal to chew the feed. Hodern ruminant animals have been intensively selected for high production potential, but the limited capacity of the rumen fermentation means that this potential cannot be realized by feeding the animal low quality feeds. The high production potential of these animals can only be realized by feeding large amounts of readily digestible, high quality feeds such as oilseed meals and grains.

• biotechnology

• Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Canada

  J. Gavora

• Connaught Laboratories, Toronto, Canada

  D. F. Gerson

• Biotechnology Research Institute, NRC, Montreal, Canada

  J. Luong, A. Storer

• Sim & McBurney, Toronto, Canada

  J. H. Woodley

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