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Deuterium and Shift Calculation

  • Conference proceedings
  • © 1991

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Authors:
  1. U. Fleischer
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  2. W. Kutzelnigg
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  3. H.-H. Limbach
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  4. G. J. Martin
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  5. M. L. Martin
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  6. M. Schindler
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Part of the book series: NMR Basic Principles and Progress (NMR, volume 23)

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Table of contents (3 papers)

  1. Front Matter

    Pages i-ix
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  2. Deuterium NMR in the Study of Site-Specific Natural Isotope Fractionation (SNIF-NMR)

    • Maryvonne L. Martin, Gérard J. Martin
    Pages 1-61

  3. Dynamic NMR Spectroscopy in the Presence of Kinetic Hydrogen/Deuterium Isotope Effects

    • Hans-Heinrich Limbach
    Pages 63-164

  4. The IGLO-Method: Ab-initio Calculation and Interpretation of NMR Chemical Shifts and Magnetic Susceptibilities

    • Werner Kutzelnigg, Ulrich Fleischer, Michael Schindler
    Pages 165-262

  5. Back Matter

    Pages 263-263
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Keywords

About this book

In 1931 Vrey, Brickwedde, and Murphy discovered the hydrogen isotope deuterium. The isotopic enrichment was found to arise from the fact that the electrolysis oflight water is faster than of heavy water [1,2]. This success showed that although different isotopes of an element behave identically from a chemical standpoint the different isotopic masses nevertheless lead to both isotope effects on equilibrium as well as on rate constants of chemical reactions. Soon, ratios of equilibrium constants of isotopic reactions were called "equilibrium isotope effects" (EIE), ratios of isotopic rate constants "kinetic isotope effects" (KIE). Isotope effects have been found to be especially large for those elements which are directly involved in bond breaking and bond formation during the reaction studied [3]. Such effects are, therefore, referred to as "primary". Isotopic substitution in atomic sites which maintain all chemical bonds with their neighbors during the reaction of interest leads then only to smaller "secondary" isotope effects. Because of the unique mass relation between the different hydrogen isotopes hydrogen/deuterium isotope effects are particularly large and have attracted most attention. The largest contributions to these effects arise from changes in the vibrational frequencies of the reactants. The theory of equilibrium isotope effects has been founded by Vrey [4] and Bigeleisen [5,6] and has widely been accepted [3].

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