The Early Effects of Radiation on DNA

1. Development of Radiation Models

   1. The Application of Chemical Models to Cellular DNA Damage

      • W. R. Holley, A. Chatterjee

      Pages 195-209

   2. What Basis for the Development of Radiation-Induced DNA Damage?

      • Hooshang Nikjoo

      Pages 211-212

   3. Stochastic Methods in Radiation Chemical Kinetics

      • N. J. B. Green

      Pages 213-214

2. Chemical Mechanisms of Dose Modifiers

   1. The Effect of Environment upon DNA Free Radicals

      • E. Sagstuen, E. O. Hole, W. H. Nelson, D. M. Close

      Pages 215-230

   2. Chemical Reactivity of DNA Radicals - A Reflection of their Redox Properties

      • E. M. Fielden, P. O’Neill, S. Steenken

      Pages 231-247

   3. Chemical properties of ‘radiation modifiers’ of DNA damage and their radiobiological effects

      • Peter Wardman

      Pages 249-264

   4. Transformation Reactions of Two Isomeric OH-Adducts of 2’-Deoxyguanosine

      • L. P. Candeias, S. Steenken

      Pages 265-266

   5. The Rates of the Reaction of Thiols with Radicals Derived from OH Attack on Polymeric Nucleic Acids and on DNA

      • D. Schulte-Frohlinde, E. Bothe

      Pages 267-268

   6. Radical Chemistry in Crystals, Matrices and in Aqueous Solution. Redox Properties and Proton Transfer Processes.

      • Steen Steenken

      Pages 269-270

3. RBE from Theory to Experimental

   1. Models to Link DNA Damage to RBEs for Final Cellular Effects

      • Dudley T. Goodhead

      Pages 271-286

   2. Repair of DNA Damage and its Effect on RBE - An Experimental Approach

      • D. Frankenberg

      Pages 287-305

   3. DNA Double-Strand Break Induction in Yeast by Heavy ION Irradiation

      • T. C. Akpa, K. J. Weber, J. Kiefer, M. Frankenberg-Schwager, R. Harbich, D. Frankenberg

      Pages 307-308

   4. The Use of DNA Precipitation Assay for Evaluating DSB Induced by High and Low LET Radiations: Comparison with Sedimentation Results

      • M. Belli, D. T. Goodhead, F. Ianzini, T. J. Jenner, G. Simone, M. A. Tabocchini

      Pages 309-310

   5. Discussion of the Session on RBE from Theory to Experiment

      • K. H. Chadwick

      Pages 311-315

4. Timescale for Development of DNA Damage

   1. The Development of Chemical Damage of DNA in Aqueous Solution

      • D. Schulte-Frohlinde, E. Bothe

      Pages 317-332

   2. Radical Multiplicity in Radiation-Induced DNA Strand Breaks: Implications for their Chemical Modification

      • Barry D. Michael, Kevin M. Prise, Robert C. Fahey, Melvyn Folkard

      Pages 333-346

   3. Effect of Dose Modifiers on Radiation-Induced Cellular DNA Damage

      • G. P. van der Schans

      Pages 347-362

   4. Oxygen Enhancement of Radiosensitivity and Nuclear GSH Content

      • Margareta R. Edgren

      Pages 363-364

   5. Timescale for Development of DNA Damage

      • John M. Warman

      Pages 365-368

5. Let and Chromosomal Damage

   1. Primary Damage and Fixation of Chromosomal DNA as Probed by Monochromatic Soft X-rays and Low-Energy Neutrons

      • Masao S. Sasaki

      Pages 369-384

Interest in the biological effects of ionising radiation closely followed the identification of such radiation. The realisation that DNA is the site of genetic infonnation in cells subsequently focussed attention on DNA as an important target in the lethal and mutagenic effects of ionising radiation. Thus radiation effects upon DNA became an important area for fundamental scientific studies by radiation biologists, chemists and physicists. To a first approximation, the concerns of the three disciplines can be divided by time scales: the physical process of energy deposition from photon or charged 16 12 particle and subsequent relaxation (-10- to 10- secs), followed by chemical 12 2 reactions (- 10- to 10 secs), and fmally, the expression of biological effect (minutes to years). Thus, the concept of 'early processes' conveys different ideas to different scientists, although they are all interrelated. To attempt to describe in any detail all these processes is a mammoth task which is not made easier by the different conventions and experimental approaches of the three disciplines. However, the recent advances in all these scientific areas seemed, to the organisers at least, to offer the opportunity to stimulate more active interaction between physicists, chemists and biologists. With this in mind, a multi-disciplinary workshop was organised, which brought together some fifty scientists to present their own specialist interests and, through extensive discussion, explore which problems are of high priority and require input from the different disciplines to resolve them.

• Chromosom
• DNA
• Erbgut
• Mutation
• Radiation
• Strahlung

• Medical Research Council, Radiobiology Unit, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, UK

  E. M. Fielden, P. O’Neill

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