Methods in Lignin Chemistry

1. Front Matter

   Pages I-XXX

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2. Introduction

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-1

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   2. Introduction

      • C. W. Dence, S. Y. Lin

      Pages 3-19

3. Detection and Determination

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 21-21

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   2. The Detection of Lignin

      • J. Nakano, G. Meshitsuka

      Pages 23-32

   3. The Determination of Lignin

      • C. W. Dence

      Pages 33-61

4. Isolation and Purification

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 63-63

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   2. Wood

      • K. Lundquist

      Pages 65-70

   3. Isolation of Lignin from Pulp

      • H.-m. Chang

      Pages 71-74

   4. Commercial Spent Pulping Liquors

      • S. Y. Lin

      Pages 75-80

5. Characterization in Solid State

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 81-81

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   2. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

      • O. Faix

      Pages 83-109

   3. Ultraviolet Microscopy

      • K. Fukazawa

      Pages 110-121

   4. Interference Microscopy

      • L. A. Donaldson

      Pages 122-132

   5. Electron Microscopy

      • S. Saka

      Pages 133-145

   6. Cross Polarization/Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP/MAS NMR) Spectroscopy

      • G. J. Leary, R. H. Newman

      Pages 146-161

   7. Raman Spectroscopy

      • R. H. Atalla, U. P. Agarwal, J. S. Bond

      Pages 162-176

   8. Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

      • D. Meier, O. Faix

      Pages 177-199

   9. Thermal Analysis

      • H. Hatakeyama

      Pages 200-214

6. Characterization in Solution: Spectroscopic Methods

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 215-215

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The structural complexity of lignin has continually challenged the in­ genuity of researchers to develop suitable methods for its charac­ terization prior to and following a wide variety of chemical, biologi­ cal, and physical treatments. Initially, activity along these lines was fueled by a desire to interpret technical delignification (Le. , pulping) processes in terms of accompanying structural changes in the lignin. Subsequently, increasingly wide ranging, in-depth investigations on the structure and reactivity of lignin exposed the inadequacy of many of the methods currently in use and underscored the ever-continuing need to develop new methods capable of solving the unique analytical problems associated with lignin. Characteristically, such methods should be selective, sensitive, suitable for quantitative measurements, and capable of being applied directly to, and without destruction of, the lignin or lignocellulose sample. One notable example of the head­ way being made in reaching this objective is the relatively recent devel­ opment and refinement of methods based on the use of sophisticated instrumentation, e. g. , lH_ and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Although the utility of many of these and other recently developed methods de­ scribed in this book has yet to be fully and satisfactorily exploited, we believe that progress already made in this direction will continue and most likely accelerate. The decision to produce this book was prompted mainly by the acknowledged need for an up-to-date, single source compilation of lignin methodology. Hitherto, this need was, in part, satisfied by B. L.

• Holz
• Lignin
• Papier
• paper
• wood

• LignoTech USA Inc., Rothschild, USA

  Stephen Y. Lin

• Hendersonville, USA

  Carlton W. Dence

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