Strategies and Advanced Techniques for Marine Pollution Studies

1. Front Matter

   Pages I-XIII

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2. The Assimilative Capacity of the Oceans for Wastes

   • Edward D. Goldberg

   Pages 1-8

3. Information Systems and Scientometric Study in Chemical Oceanography

   • Parina Hassanaly, Henri Dou

   Pages 9-31

4. Strategies and Approaches to Marine Pollution Research

   • C. S. Giam, Elliot Atlas

   Pages 33-41

5. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy: A New Analytical Tool for the Analysis of Environmental Pollutants

   • Gilbert Mille

   Pages 43-76

6. High Resolution Emission Spectroscopy (Shpolskii Effect): A New Analytical Technique for the Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) in Marine Samples

   • P. Garrigues, M. Ewald

   Pages 77-87

7. Marine Analysis Using a Rapid Scanning Multichannel Fluorometer

   • I. M. Warner, P. B. Oldham, E. J. Zillioux, G. Patonay

   Pages 89-102

8. Analyses of Yellow Substance in the Coastal Waters of the Adriatic Sea

   • M. C. Russo

   Pages 103-112

9. Fossil Fuel Aromatic Hydrocarbon Biogeochemistry in the Marine Environment: Research Challenges

   • John W. Farrington

   Pages 113-142

10. The Importance of Intercalibration in Marine Pollution Studies

    • Karsten H. Palmork

    Pages 143-156

11. Strategies of Sampling and Analysis for Studying the Hydrocarbon Pollution at the Water-Atmosphere Interface

    • A. Saliot, J. C. Marty

    Pages 157-186

12. Assessing the Contribution of Atmospheric Transport to the Total Pollution Load of the Mediterranean Sea: Facts and Models

    • P. Buat-Ménard

    Pages 187-199

13. Site Specific Studies of Petroleum Operations in the Marine Environment

    • F. T. Weiss

    Pages 201-207

14. Sampling Organic Compounds for Marine Pollution Studies

    • Elliot Atlas, C. S. Giam

    Pages 209-230

15. Organic Pollutants in the Sea: Consequences, Evaluation, and Sampling Strategies in the Pelagic Area

    • R. Arfi, F. Blanc

    Pages 231-236

16. Sources of Organic Contaminants in the Marine Environment: Ocean Disposal and Accidental Spills

    • Douglas A. Wolfe

    Pages 237-288

17. Useful and Easy to Apply Indicators of Petroleum Pollution in the Marine Environment

    • William M. Sackett

    Pages 289-301

18. Our Changing View of Contamination

    • Rodger W. Baier

    Pages 303-313

19. Environmental Impact Studies of Refinery Effluents - A Challenge to the Analytical Chemist

    • Carola M. Lehtinen

    Pages 315-326

20. Evolution of the Amoco-Cadiz Hydrocarbons in the River Aber-Benoit

    • Pierre Courtot, Gilles Morel

    Pages 327-356

A distinction between contamination and pollution is useful when we wish to consider what strategies to adopt in researching the impact of anthropogenic activities on the marine environment. Contamination strictly refers to the chemical burden imposed on the system and is evaluated in terms of the concentrations of chemical compounds in various abiotic (e. g water, suspended particulate matter, sediments) and biotic (plant and animal, pelagic and benthic) components. The concept of pollution, on the other hand, infers an assessment of biological response to the measured levels of contamination. This response may be measured at various levels of biological organisation, from molecular events within the cell to changes in such ecosystem properties as nutrient flux and biological productivity. Such measures of biological response need not infer any value judgements regarding putative damage or disturbance to the natural systems, although the biologist will usually have in mind a reference point of normality with which to compare the measured response; departure from this "normality" may then provide a quantitiative index of disturbance. The challenge to scientists engaged in research into marine contamination and pollution is to weld the chemical and biological elements together (always with reference also to the physical features of the environment) so as to provide a coherent framework for the quantitative evaluation of environmental response.

• ecosystem
• environment
• marine
• pollution
• water
• ecotoxicology
• water quality and water pollution

• Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Industrial Environmental Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA

  C. S. Giam

• Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Université Aix Marseille III, Marseille Cedex 13, France

  H. J.-M. Dou

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