Principles of Human Nutrition

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-x

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2. An introduction to human nutrition

   • Martin Eastwood

   Pages 1-35

3. Genetics

   • Martin Eastwood

   Pages 37-66

4. Nutritional status

   • Martin Eastwood

   Pages 67-97

5. Nutritional epidemiology

   • Martin Eastwood

   Pages 99-104

6. Basic nutrients

   • Martin Eastwood

   Pages 105-162

7. Alcohol

   • Martin Eastwood

   Pages 163-175

8. Vitamins

   • Martin Eastwood

   Pages 177-237

9. Water, electrolytes, minerals and trace elements

   • Martin Eastwood

   Pages 239-279

10. Agricultural chemicals

    • Martin Eastwood

    Pages 281-307

11. Eating and digestion

    • Martin Eastwood

    Pages 309-380

12. The metabolism of nutrients

    • Martin Eastwood

    Pages 381-483

13. Specific nutritional requirements

    • Martin Eastwood

    Pages 485-526

14. Dietary deficiency

    • Martin Eastwood

    Pages 527-536

15. Nutrition in the aetiology of diseases

    • Martin Eastwood

    Pages 537-549

16. Back Matter

    Pages 551-565

    PDF

1. 1. 4 Nutritional deficiency and excess which form the metabolic enzyme structure of the individual. It is not possible to live for more than 2-3 minutes without oxygen. However, life can continue with­ 1. 1. 5 Social, population and environmental out water for between 2 and 7 days depending influences on nutrition upon the ambient temperature and the amount of exercise being taken. Survival without any food at The reliable provision of food requires an orga­ all, but with water, may be for 60-120 days, nized society. A society that is disorganized depending upon the body stores. Females and through war, epidemics of infections or natural those with considerable subcutaneous fat survive disaster is less able to produce or deliver food for longer than slightly built males. than a well-structured stable society with a suffi­ There are individual responses to nutritional ciency of healthy workers. It is important that deficiency and excess. Though in general weight food is grown which is appropriate for the partic­ increase in association with overall excessive eat­ ular population's social, cultural and religious ing and weight loss is associated with inadequate beliefs. The influences on nutrition (Figure 1. 1) dietary intake. The failure to provide the essential include: amino acids, fats, vitamins and trace elements leads to specific lesions which may progress to • food availability and intake morbidity and death.

• Vitamin
• agriculture
• alcohol
• amino acid
• environment
• enzymes
• fat
• fats
• food
• genetics
• health
• metabolism
• minerals
• nutrition

• Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

  Martin Eastwood

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