Applications of Cryogenic Technology

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xi

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2. Small Scale Refrigeration and Liquefaction Systems

   1. Progress in Cryocoolers

      • Ray Radebaugh

      Pages 1-14

   2. Linear Drive Stirling Cooler Technology

      • Peter J. Kerney

      Pages 15-18

   3. Cooling of GeZn Detectors by Commercially Available Closed-Cycle Cryogenic Refrigerators

      • Robert G. Hansen

      Pages 19-26

   4. Magnetic Refrigeration: A Large Cooling Power Cryogenic Refrigeration Technology

      • Stephen F. Kral, John A. Barclay

      Pages 27-41

   5. 1 KW Capacity Refrigeration System at 80 K ( LINIT-R1 )

      • E. Caratsch

      Pages 43-53

3. Cryogenic Instrumentation

   1. Cryogenic Thermometry — an Overview

      • S. Scott Courts, D. Scott Holmes, Philip R. Swinehart, Brad C. Dodrill

      Pages 55-69

   2. Monitoring Rapidly Changing Temperatures of the Oscillating Working Fluid in a Regenerative Refrigerator

      • Wayne Rawlins, Ray Radebaugh, K. D. Timmerhaus

      Pages 71-83

   3. Performance Characteristics of Silicon Diode Cryogenic Temperature Sensors

      • B. C. Dodrill, J. K. Krause, P. R. Swinehart, V. Wang

      Pages 85-107

   4. Thermally-Coupled Cryogenic Pressure Sensing

      • David L. Clark

      Pages 109-116

   5. Cryogenic Cooling of Biological Samples for Electron and Optical Microscopy

      • G. J. Fuld, R. G. Hansen, N. Loes

      Pages 117-128

4. Plenary Lectures

   1. Technology Commercialization: Opportunities and Challenges

      • K. L. Crandell

      Pages 129-137

   2. Cryogenic Heat Transfer a Survey of Recent Developments

      • John C. Chato

      Pages 139-161

5. Short and Long Term Storage Systems

   1. The Universe of Cryogenic Storage from Helium II to CO2

      • Ivan V. Larry LaFave

      Pages 163-172

   2. Cryogenic Liquid Cylinder Development

      • James P. Eaton

      Pages 173-183

   3. Composites for Cryogenics

      • Michael S. Kramer

      Pages 185-195

   4. Development of 3-D Composites

      • J. R. Benzinger

      Pages 197-205

6. Cryogenics in the Medical Field

   1. Cryobiology — Two Sides of the Same Coin?

      • Sidney A. Wilchins, Stan D. Augustynowicz

      Pages 207-213

   2. Vitrification Capability of Metal Mirror Ultra-Rapid Cooling Apparatus: A Theoretical Evaluation

      • ZhaoHua Chang, John G. Baust

      Pages 215-225

   3. Microfractures in Cryopreserved Heart Valves: Valve Submersion in Liquid Nitrogen Revisited

      • L. Wolfinbarger Jr., M. Adam, P. Lange, J-F Hu

      Pages 227-233

Applications of Cryogenic Technology, Vol. 10, is the proceedings from the portion of the conference CRYO-90 sponsored by the Cryogenic Society of America (CSA). CRYO-90, held on the campus of the State University of New York, Binghamton, New York, was an unusual interdisciplinary event, drawing from the life sciences as well as the physical science and engineering areas of the low temperature community. Co-sponsoring CRYO-90 with CSA were the Society for Cryobiology and the Symposium on Invertebrate and Plant Cold Hardiness. These latter two organizations brought an exciting developing field to the conference, a field whose exploration will lead to the betterment of all mankind through improved cryosurgical and organ preservation techniques in addition to improved agricultural and herd yields under extreme conditions. Specific goals of the cryobiological community are cryopreservation, the arrest and recovery of living processes of cells, tissues and organs; and cryosurgery - the local cryodestruction of diseased cells while preserving the healthy surrounding tissue. These goals present great technological challenges. The technological requirements of the cryobiologist include the ability to cool tissues 6 at rates of 10 degrees per second (vitrification), to thaw frozen tissue without damaging the delicate cells, to freeze dry tissue using molecular distillation (vacuum) drying, to supercool cell structures below O°C without freezing, and to successfully store the preserved tissues and organs for any required length of time.

• cells
• development
• extreme conditions
• heat transfer
• low temperature
• microscopy
• silicon
• surgery
• temperature
• tissue

• SURA/CEBAF, Newport News, USA

  J. Patrick Kelley

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