Nephrotoxicity

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xx

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2. Key Note Lecture

   1. Species Differences in Renal Structure and Function — Applications to Nephrotoxicity in Man

      • Bodil Schmidt-Nielsen

      Pages 1-10

3. Heavy Metal Toxicity

   1. Lead Induced Nephrotoxicity: Kidney Calcium as an Indicator of Tubular Injury

      • R. A. Goyer, C. R. Weinberg, W. M. Victery, C. R. Miller

      Pages 11-20

   2. Predicting the Kidney Burden of Toxic Metals

      • Gary L. Diamond, Thomas W. Clarkson, John B. Hursh, M. George Cherian

      Pages 21-31

   3. A Prospective Study of Proteinuria in Cadmium Workers

      • Harry Roels, Robert Lauwerys, Jean-Pierre Buchet, Alfred Bernard, Alfons Vos, Maurice Oversteyns

      Pages 33-36

   4. Red Blood Cell Negative Charges as an Index of the Glomerular Polyanion in Chronic Cadmium Poisoning

      • Alfred Bernard, Ali Ouled Amor, Harry Roels, Robert Lauwerys

      Pages 37-41

   5. Some Considerations on Critical Concentration of Cadmium for Renal Toxicity in Rats

      • Chiharu Tohyama, Naoko Sugihira, Kazuo T. Suzuki, Masataka Murakami, Hiroshi Saito

      Pages 43-49

   6. Historical Perspective on Cadmium-Induced Nephrotoxicity

      • Vera R. Porter, Dora B. Weiner

      Pages 51-57

   7. Cadmium May Predispose Mice to Immune Complex-Mediated Renal Injury: Another Possible Mechanism for Cadmium-Induced Nephrotoxicity

      • Donna L. Vredevoe, Louis Levy, David W. Knutson

      Pages 59-63

   8. Nephrotoxicity of Cadmium in Chickens

      • R. O. Blackburn, D. N. Prashad, C. Whitehead

      Pages 65-70

   9. Differential Effects of Cadmium and Mercury on Lysosomal Enzymes in the Kidney of Myxine Glutinosa

      • E. Elger, R. Sievers, B. Elger, C. J. Olbricht, H. Stolte

      Pages 71-74

   10. The Effects of Cadmium and Adriamycin on the Isolated Perfused Glomerulus of Myxine Glutinosa (Cyclostomata)

       • L. M. Fels, M.-M. Barbey, B. Elger, J. Abel, H. Stolte

       Pages 75-79

   11. Protective Effect of Low Concentrations of Mercury Against HgCl2-Induced Nephrotoxicity

       • J. C. Cal, F. Larue, P. Dormmua, J. Cambar

       Pages 81-83

   12. Induction of Antinuclear Antibodies by Mercuric Chloride in Mice

       • P. Hultman, S. Enestrom

       Pages 85-91

   13. Analysis of Unscheduled Dna Synthesis and S-Phase Synthesis in F344 Rat Kidney After in Vivo Treatment with Mercuric Chloride

       • K. Steinmetz, C. Hamilton, J. Bakke, M. Ramsey, J. Mirsalis

       Pages 93-97

   14. In Vitro and in Vivo HgCl2-Induced Nephrotoxicity Assessed by Tubular Enzymes Release

       • J. C. Cal, D. Nerlet, J. Cambar

       Pages 99-102

   15. Prevention and Reversal of Mercuric Chloride-Induced Increases in Renal Vascular Resistance by Captopril

       • Z. H. Endre, L. G. Nicholls, P. J. Ratcliffe, J. G. G. Ledingham

       Pages 103-106

   16. Regioselective Acute Tubular Necrosis in Renal Cortical Slices Following HgCl2 and K2Cr2O7: Localization and Transport Studies

       • C. E. Ruegg, A. J. Gandolfi, A. K. Brendel

       Pages 107-112

   17. In-Vivo Bone Lead Measurements and Renal Effects

       • H. J. Mason, L. J. Somervaille, D. R. Tennant, D. R. Chettle, M. C. Scott

       Pages 113-118

   18. Early Indicators of Lead Nephropathy

       • F. Khalil-Manesh, H. C. Gonick, E. Weiler, V. Rosen, L. Roche, A. Mutti et al.

       Pages 119-126

There has been a growing awareness that nephrotoxicity represents a key factor in human nephropathies, where, irrespective of the causative agent, only a few clinical end-effects are diagnosed. Thus nephropathies are generally classified as acute or chronic renal failure, malignancies or immunological changes. The weaknesses in diagnosing nephropathies arises because of the effective role the kidney plays in maintaining homeostasis, despite the fact that it has been extensively damaged. The frequencies of some type of chemically-induced acute renal failure is well documented, but the causes of chronic renal failure, malignancy, and other nephropathies are far more difficult to associate with a chemical aetiology. Many of the new therapeutic agents have important beneficial effects, but they are found to have marked nephrotoxic effects. Thus there is a growing urgency to increase the stringency of chemical safety evaluation for their potential nephrotoxic effects. This is strongly countered by the increased financial pressure to identify potentially nephrotoxic chemicals earlier in their development and humanitarian considerations to more closely relate animal test to the clinical situation. Part of the challenge may be achieved by the increasing use of in vitro techniques.

• development
• etiology
• evaluation
• homeostasis
• immunology
• kidney
• renal failure
• safety
• toxicity

• The Robens Institute of Industrial and Environmental Health and Safety, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK

  P. H. Bach

• ICI Central Toxicology Laboratory, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK

  E. A. Lock

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