HIV and Dementia

1. Tissue Culture and Animal Models to Generate Basic Concepts on Viral Immune Cell: Central Nervous System Interactions

   1. Virus-Neuron-Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Interactions

      • G. F. Rall, M. B. A. Oldstone

      Pages 261-273

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2. Back Matter

   Pages 275-282

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The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) AIDS Program is the fourth largest acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) program within the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Since 1983, our program's contributions have concentrated on two major areas. The first has been to develop effective strategies to prevent or reduce behaviors that place individuals at risk for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. The second has been to support and foster research to enhance our understanding of the profound impact of H IV-1 infection on the central nervous system (eNS). The brain appears to be a prime target of the virus and may serve as a reservoir for the virus. Post mortem examination of brain tissue has provided evidence of eNS cell damage in 80%-90% of people who die with AIDS. For about 10%-20% of people with AI DS, mild neuropsychological symptoms are the first signs of the disease. Approximately 20% of individuals infected with HIV-1 develop AIDS dementia complex. The symptoms include apathy, difficulty concentrat­ ing, irritability, depression, and personality changes. In the later stages of the disease, people may experience psychiatric disor­ ders. Death usually occurs within 6 months of the appearance of those more severe symptoms. Up to 90% of children infected with H IV-1 experience attention and concentration difficulties and often experience neurodevelopmental delay or regression over time.

• AIDS
• HIV
• brain
• cognition
• cytokine
• dementia
• immunodeficiency
• infection
• nervous system
• neurobiology
• neuroscience
• pathogenesis
• physiology
• proteins
• virus

• Department of Neuropharmacology, Division of Virology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, USA

  Michael B. A. Oldstone

• Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Research Branch, Division of Neuroscience and Behavioral Science, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Mental Health, Rockville, USA

  Ljubiša Vitković

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