Fennoscandian Tundra Ecosystems

1. Animals

   1. Bioenergetics

      1. Life Cycle and Energy Budget of Tipula excisa (Schum.) (Diptera, Tipulidae)

         • T. Hofsvang

         Pages 145-150

      2. Standing Crop and Calorific Content in Invertebrates from Hardangervidda

         • S. J. Næss, A. L. Steigen, T. Solhøy

         Pages 151-159

      3. Food Habits and Body Composition of Adult and Juvenile Meadow Pipit [Anthus pratensis (L.)]

         • H.-J. Skar, S. Hågvar, A. Hagen, E. Østbye

         Pages 160-169

      4. Energy Budget of a Population of the Root Vole [Microtus oeconomus (Pall.)] in a High Mountain Habitat, Hardangervidda

         • A. Hagen, E. Østbye, H.-J. Skar

         Pages 170-173

   2. Herbivory Aspects

      1. On the Ecocatastrophe of Birch Forests Caused by Oporinia autumnata (Bkh.) and the Problem of Reforestation

         • P. Kallio, J. Lehtonen

         Pages 174-180

      2. Birch Herbivores and Herbivory at Kevo

         • E. Haukioja, S. Koponen

         Pages 181-188

      3. Importance Criteria in Birch Defoliators

         • E. Haukioja

         Pages 189-194

      4. Wild Reindeer Food Habits and Range Use at Hardangervidda

         • E. Gaare, T. Skogland

         Pages 195-205

      5. Reindeer Activity on Hardangervidda

         • E. Gaare, B. R. Thomson, O. Kjos-Hanssen

         Pages 206-215

      6. Grazing by Sheep

         • F. E. Wielgolaski

         Pages 216-228

2. Conservation and Recreation in Tundra Ecosystems

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 229-229

      PDF

   2. Stability of Tundra Ecosystems in Fennoscandia

      • E. Dahl

      Pages 231-236

   3. Remote Sensing of Vegetation in Conservation of Tundra Landscapes

      • O. Hesjedal, J. Larsson

      Pages 237-242

3. Models for Integration and Prediction

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 243-243

      PDF

   2. Principles in the Use of Wide-Scale Models on Tundra Data

      • F. E. Wielgolaski

      Pages 245-250

   3. A Mathematical Simulation Model for Terrestrial Tundra Ecosystems

      • A. Sandhaug, S. Kjelvik, F. E. Wielgolaski

      Pages 251-266

   4. Systems Analysis on Invertebrates

      • G. Gyllenberg

      Pages 267-272

   5. A Simulation Model of a Small Rodent Population

      • K. Liestøl, E. Østbye, H.-J. Skar, G. Swartzman

      Pages 273-282

   6. Energy Model for Individual Small Rodents and Its Significance in General Population Theory

      • N. C. Stenseth

      Pages 283-299

   7. Functioning of Fennoscandian Tundra Ecosystems

      • F. E. Wielgolaski

      Pages 300-326

Animals are important components of any ecosystem and it is impossible to describe structure and funCtioning of the Fennoscandian tundra ecosystems without including this part of the system. However, the strong diversity between functionally highly different fauna groups makes it impossible to study all groups in great detail with the funds and expertise available in Fennoscandia. Relatively few productivity studies were carried out on animals in Fenno­ scandian tundra regions before the IBP projects started in 1969-1970. Within IBP, more fauna groups have been investigated in the Norwegian tundra project than in the other countries, due to better financial support. Even in Norway, however, only a limited number of invertebrate and vertebrate taxons is studied. General lack of information on the same animals in various parts of the Fennoscandian tundra makes it more difficult to present structural and functional comparisons of fauna for the whole region than in plants and microorganisms (see Part 1 of Fennoscandian Tundra Ecosystems). Brief surveys on faunal problems within the area are given in the introduction to the animal section, and general aspects are also discussed in the four first papers of the volume.

• Skandinavien /Biologie
• Tiere
• Tundra
• animals
• biology
• ecology
• ecosystem
• ecosystems
• fauna
• invertebrates
• lake
• Ökologie

• Botanical Laboratory, University of Oslo, Oslo 3, Norway

  F. E. Wielgolaski

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