Skip to main content
Log in

A review of coke making by-products

  • Chemistry
  • Published:
Coke and Chemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Existing energy resources are struggling to cope with the current energy requirements. It is therefore, necessary to increase energy efficiency and reduce greenhouse gases emissions in integrated steel industries. The yield of coking by-products is one of the key ways to achieve these goals. This review article is focused on history of the by-products such as coal tar, coal tar pitch, ammonia, hydrogen sulphide, pyridine, hydrogen cynide and carbon based material. Different technology for removal of mentioned by-products are briefly described according to technology development at different stage. Yield and quality of coking byproducts, its impacts on carbonization processes and factors such as volatile matter, rank of coal, reactive macerals, elemental constituents, and temperature were also investigated.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Ketchum, R., A Report of the Utah Conservation and Research Foundation to the Governor and State Legislature, May 1939.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Carbonization by-products, http://www.solidfuel.co.uk/frame/main.html

  3. McHenry, E.R., Coal-tar/ Petro industrial pitches, Koppers Industries, 1005 Wm. Pitt Way, Pittsburgh, PA 15238.

  4. Lewis, I.C., Chemistry of carbonization, Carbon, 1982, vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 519–529.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Loison, R., Foch, P., and Boyer, A., Coke Quality and Production, Butterworth & Co, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Tiwari, H.P., Assessment of the yield of by-products during high temperature carbonization of coals, M. Tech Thesis, BIT-Mesra, Ranchi, India, 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Ramsburg, C.J., et al., By-product coke and coking operations, Pranklin Institute Devoted to Science and the Mechanic Arts, 1917.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Razzaq, R., Li, Chunshan and Zhang, Suojiang, Coke oven gas: Availability, properties, purification, and utilization in China, Fuel, 2013, vol. 113, pp. 287–299.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Xie, K., Li, Wenying, and Zhao, Wei, Coal chemical industry and its sustainable development in China, Energy, 2010, vol. 35, pp. 4349–4355.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Bermúdez, J.M., Arenillas, A., Luque, R., and Menéndez, J.A., An overview of novel technologies to valorise coke oven gas surplus, Fuel Processing Technology, 2013, vol. 110, pp. 150–159.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Stepanov, Yu.V. and Karpin, G.M., Yield of coke and byproducts, Coke Chem., 2009, vol. 52, no. 10, pp. 429–433.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Nazarov, V.G. and Zubitskii, B.D., Promising Technologies for processing coke-oven gas at Russian Enterprises, Coke Chem., 2008, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 62–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Golovko, M.B., Miroshnichenko, D.V., and Kaftan, Yu.S., Predicting the coke yield and basic coking by-products: An analytic review, Coke Chem., 2011, vol. 54, no. 9, pp. 331–338.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Rubchevskii, V.N., Chernyshov, Yu.A., Ovchinnikova, S.A., Kompaniets, A.I., et al., Predicting the yield of coke and coking by-products, Coke Chem., 2009, vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 137–142.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Golovko, M.B., Drozdnik, I.D., Miroshnichenko, D.V., and Kaftan, Yu.S., Predicting the yield of coking byproducts on the basis of elementary and petrographic analysis of the coal batch, Coke Chem., 2012, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 204–214.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Tiwari, H.P., Banerjee, P.K., Sharma, R., and Joshi, P.C., Comparison of top charged and stamp charged coke making by-products in Jenkner apparatus, Tata Search, 2008, vol. 1, pp. 127–131.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Karr, Jr. C. and Manka, D.P., Analytical Methods of Coal and Coal Products, vol. III, New York, London: Academic Press, Inc., 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Tiwari, H.P., Banerjee, P.K., Sharma, R., Haldar, S.K., and Joshi, P.C., A comparative study of byproducts yield from coke making processes in a Jenkner apparatus, Coke Chem., 2014, vol. 57, no. 5, pp. 192–198.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Stetsenko, E.Ya., Recovery of ammonia from coke oven gas and its utilization, Coke Chem. USSR, 1992, no. 2, pp. 24–28.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Machnikowski, J., Kaczmarska, H., Gerus-Piasecka, I., Diez, M.A., Alvarez, R., and Garcia, R., Structural modification of coal-tar pitch fractions during mild oxidation-relevance to carbonization behaviour, Carbon, 2002, vol. 40, issue 11, pp. 1937–1947.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Fernando, R., Anibal, S., Victoria, C., and Manuel, L., Chemistry of carbonization-1. A theoretical study of free radical formation from starting materials, Carbon, 1993, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 645–650.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Krishnan, S.H. and Prasad, H.N., Laboratory assessment of by-product yields during coal carbonization, Tata Steel, Report No. 05/09, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Haines, A.N., Automatic control of stills for removal of ammonia from coke-oven effluents, Measurement and Control, 1992, vol. 25, issue 2, pp. 46–47.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Patrick, J.W., Reynolds, M.J., and Walker, A., Carbonization of coal tar pitches: Effect of rank on Parent coal, BCRA, Chesterfield, Derbyshire, S42 6JS, UK October 1982.

  25. Yosida, R., Kaoru, I., Tadashi, Y., Shigeru, U., et al., Effect of coal particle size on the coal hydrogenation reaction—In relation to the plasticity of coal, Fuel Processing Technology, 1980, vol. 3, issue 1, pp. 1–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Gusak, V.G. and Drozdnik, I.D., Rank structure and properties of coal imported by Ukraine, Uglekhim. Zh., 2011, no. 1/2, pp. 3–11.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Markov, V.V., Producing of coal tar with a low content quinoline insoluble, Coke Chem. USSR, 1984, no. 8, pp. 31–36.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Ganguly, S. and Mazumdar, B.K., Studies on reduced coals II—origin of coal tar, CFRI, 1964, pp. 281–287.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Dement’eva, N.V., Component composition of and molecular weight of coal tar absorption oil, Coke Chem. USSR, 1992, no. 4, pp. 38–39.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Summer, E.M., Carbonization Science or Art, The yearbook of COMA, 1947.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Hessley, R., Coal Science and Introduction to Chemistry Technology and Utilization, New York City: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Yakovleva T.P., Organo sulfur compound in coal tar pitch, 4-The result of experimental study, Coke Chem. USSR, 1993, no. 2, pp. 36–39.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Ullrich, H. and Loss, C., Processing of coke-oven gas. Tar separation, Erdoel Kohle Erdgas Petrochem Ver Brennst Chem., 1977, vol. 30, issue 12, pp. 558–564.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Krishnan, S.H. and Sharma, R., Thermal behavior of volatiles in coals during carbonization, Tata Search, 2002, vol. 1, pp. 35–40.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Tiwari, K.K., Das, B.P., Ghosh, A.K., Ghosh, T.K., et al., Processing of byproducts from carbonization of non-caking coals: recovery of tar acids, Fuel Processing Technology, 1998, vol. 57, pp. 131–147.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Ikonnikova, G. and Andreikov, E.I., Phenol composition in coal tar form a formed coke plant, Coke Chem. USSR, 1983, no. 12, pp. 30–32.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Steppanenko, M.A. and Privalov, V.E., Methods of producing coal-tar pitch and improvements in its quality as a binder and impregnate (review), Coke Chem. USSR, 1983, no. 11, pp. 32–34.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Steppanenko, M.A., Carbon fiver from coal pitches (A survey), Coke Chem. USSR, 1983, no. 3, p. 36.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Kulyasova, S.V. and Beschashnyi, V.G., et al., Coal tar quality, Coke Chem. USSR, 1984, no. 10, pp. 37–39.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Yakovleva, T.P., Organo sulfur compound in coal tar pitch, 3—Methods of desulfurizing product, Coke Chem. USSR, 1993, no. 1, pp. 27–29.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Machnikowsk, J. and Petrynink, J., et al., Kinetics and mechanism of carbonization of QI free products from gas coking coal hydrogenation-1: The structure and carbonization behavior of pitches produced by the coal hydrogenation at 420°C & 455°C, Carbon, 1991, vol. 29, pp. 371–378

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Ukhmylova, G.S., A new coking by-product plant, Coke Chem. USSR, 1993, no. 3, pp. 30–33.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Grevenyuk, A.F. and Korobihansky V.I., Optimization recovery of coal chemicals, Coke Chem. USSR, 1996, no. 4, pp. 31–32.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Zubitskij, B.D., Dyakov, S.N., Chimarov, V.A., Nazarov, V.G., et al., Modernization of processes of cleaning the coke oven gas from ammonia, Koks i Khimiya, 2004, issue 2, pp. 20–26.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Mironenko, L.I. and Volkov, E.L., Cleaning of coke oven gas from ammonia, Koks i Khimiya, 2003, issue 2, pp. 25–26.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Chunbao, Xu, Naoto, Tsubouchi, Hiroyuki, Hashimoto and Yasuo Ohtsuka, Catalytic decomposition of ammonia gas with metal cations present naturally in low rank coals, Fuel, 2005, vol. 84, pp. 1957–1967.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Nazarov, V.G. and Zubitskii, B.D., Promising technologies for processing coke-oven gas at Russian Enterprises, Coke Chem., 2008, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 62–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Ludberg, J.E., Removal of hydrogen sulphide from coke oven gas by the Stretford process, Met. Soc. AIME, Ironmaking Conf Proc., 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Rothery, E., Desulphurisation of coke oven gas by HSR process, Steel Times, 1987, vol. 215, issue 6, p. 300.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Kleeberg, Ulrich, Removal of hydrogen sulfide from gases using the Stretford process, Thin Solid Films, Proc. Annu. Int. Conf. on Coal Gasif., Liq. and Convers. to Electr., Pittsburgh, PA, USA, 1978, p. 20.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Platonov, O.I., Egorov, V.N., Krinitsyn, E.N., Lutokhin, N.N., et al., Improvement in technology for desulfurization of coke oven gas, Koks i Khimiya, 2005, issue 11, pp. 26–29.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Maddalena, F.L., Desulfurization of coke oven gas by the vacuum carbonate process, Treat of Coke Oven Gas, 1977, issue 5, pp. 9.1–9.5.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Park, D.W., Chun, S.W., Jang, J.Y., Kim, H.S., et al., Selective removal of H2S from coke oven gas, Catalyst Today, 1998, vol. 44, issue 1–4, pp. 73–79.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Rott, M.V., Sevosyanov, V.N., and Shukh, Y.AI., Removal of hydrogen sulfide from coke-oven gas, Coke Chem. USSR, 1970, issue 3, pp. 32–37.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Havili, M.U., Fraser-Smyth, L.L., and Wood, B.W., Design and operation of the coke-oven gas sulfur removal facility at Geneva Steel, Iron and Steel Engineer, 1996, vol. 73, issue 2, pp. 25–28.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Marakhovskii, L.F., Druzhinin, V.N., Brodovich, A.I., and Korzhan, L.A., Analysis of the development of technology for removal of hydrogen sulfide from coke oven gas by the vacuum-carbonate method a survey, Coke Chem. USSR, 1987, issue 9, pp. 49–55.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Redin, V.N., Goncharova, E.A., and Gulyamov, Yu.M., Improvement of technology of coke gas purification from hydrogen sulfide, Koks i Khimiya, 1992, issue 4, pp. 32–34.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Laufhuette, Dieter, Hydrogen sulfide/ammonia removal from coke oven gas, Ironmaking Proc. Metall. Soc. AIME, Atlantic City, NJ, 1974, vol. 3, pp. 142–155.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Maa, P.S., Lewis, C.R., and Hamrin Jr, C.E., Sulphur transformation and removal for Western Kentucky coal, Fuel, 1975, vol. 54, issue 1, pp. 62–69.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Kuroki, M. and Terasaki, D., Study on desulfurization of coke oven gas by diluted ammonia water (III), Nihon Enerugi Gakkaishi/Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy, 1999, vol. 78, issue 8, pp. 679–686.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Platonov, O.I., Development of the coke gas desulfurization technology, TMS Fall Extraction and Processing Division: Sohn International Symposium, 2006, vol. 5, pp. 193–201.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Zhancheng, G., Zhixin, Fu and Shenxiang, Wang, Sulfur distribution in coke and sulfur removal during pyrolysis, Fuel Processing Technology, 2007, vol. 88, pp. 935–941.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Vshivtsev, V.G. and Nazarov, V.G., Removing tar and naphthalene fog from coke-oven gas, Coke Chem. USSR, 1984, issue 11, pp. 35–41.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Vshivtsev, V.G., Nazarov, V.G., and Galashev, R.G., Removal of naphthalene and tar fog from coke-oven gas in low-head venturi nozzle scrubbers, Coke Chem. USSR, 1986, issue 3, pp. 58–66.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Nazarov, V.G. and Vshivtsev, V.G., Removal of naphthalene from coke oven gas in the condensation division, Coke Chem. USSR, 1986, issue 5, pp. 64–70.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Bezverkhii, V.I., Khalaimova, A.M., and Kazakov, E.I., Selecting an efficient technological scheme for extraction of naphthalene from coke oven gas, Coke Chem. USSR, 1982, issue 8, pp. 46–50.

    Google Scholar 

  67. Ullrich, H., Coke-oven gas processing-naphthalene separation, Erdoel Kohle Erdgas Petrochem Ver Brennst Chem, 1977, vol. 30, issue 6, pp. 263–267.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Bulanov, E.A. and Filonenko Ya., Distribution of naphthalene and indene in the system coal tar absorption oil-coke oven gas, Coke Chem. USSR, 1990, no. 2, pp. 23–25.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Shashnurina, L.A. and Katz, V.I., Analysis of the sate of production of light pyridine bases at byproduct coking plant of the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic Kazakhstan, Coke Chem. USSR, 1984, no. 10, pp. 35–37.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Mikhailov, N.F. and Petrukhon, R.P., A Technology scheme for recovering the chemical product of the cooking process, Coke Chem. USSR, 1984, no. 5, pp. 20–22.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Chatterjee, A. and Rao, P.V.T., Monogram on Coal and Coke at Tata Steel, 1992, pp. 161–169.

    Google Scholar 

  72. Teleshev, Yu.V., Karpenko, V.O., Davnichenko, L.S., and Khustochkin, V.A., Influence of hydrogen cyanide on cleaning of coke oven gas, Koks i Khimiya, 2003, issue 11, pp. 23–24.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Mironenko, L.I., Skachkov, S.A., and Suryadnyi, V.I., Hydrogen cyanide and coke oven gas cleaning, Koks i Khimiya, 2002, issue 11, pp. 29–31.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Lebedeva, G.M., Panferova, G.D., Tverskov, A.A., and Shelyakin, L.E., Oxidative methods of removing sulfur and cyanide from coke-oven gas and prospects for their utilization, Coke Chem. USSR, 1980, issue 4, pp. 40–46.

    Google Scholar 

  75. Pavlovich, L.B., Patrushev, A.N., Tsekhanovich, M.S., and Smakhtina, A.Z., Expansion of resources of coal by-product for production of technical carbon, Coke Chem. USSR, 1997, no. 5, pp. 28–31.

    Google Scholar 

  76. Schobert, H.H. and Song, C., Chemicals and materials from coal in the 21st century, Fuel, 2000, vol. 81, pp. 15–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to H. P. Tiwari.

Additional information

The article is published in the original.

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Tiwari, H.P., Sharma, R., Kumar, R. et al. A review of coke making by-products. Coke Chem. 57, 477–484 (2014). https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068364X14120072

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068364X14120072

Keywords

Navigation