Skip to main content
Log in

Two new design concepts for snake robot locomotion in unstructured environments

  • Communication
  • Published:
Paladyn

Abstract

This communication presents and justifies ideas related to motion control of snake robots that are currently the subject of ongoing investigations by the authors. In particular, we highlight requirements for intelligent and efficient snake robot locomotion in unstructured environments, and subsequently we present two new design concepts for snake robots that comply with these requirements. The first design concept is an approach for sensing environment contact forces, which is based on measuring the joint constraint forces at the connection between the links of the snake robot. The second design concept involves allowing the cylindrical surface of each link of a snake robot to rotate by a motor inside the link in order to induce propulsive forces on the robot from its environments. The paper details the advantages of the proposed design concepts over previous snake robot designs.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. A. A. Transeth, R. I. Leine, C. Glocker, K. Y. Pettersen, and P. Liljebäck, “Snake robot obstacle aided locomotion: Modeling, simulations, and experiments,” IEEE Trans. Robot., vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 88–104, February 2008.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. J. Gray, “The mechanism of locomotion in snakes,” J. Exp. Biol., vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 101–120, 1946.

    Google Scholar 

  3. S. Hirose, Biologically Inspired Robots: Snake-Like Locomotors and Manipulators. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  4. R. Bauchot, Snakes: A Natural History. Sterling Publishing Company, 1994.

  5. B. Moon and C. Gans, “Kinematics, muscular activity and propulsion in gopher snakes,” Journal of Experimental Biology, vol. 201, pp. 2669–2684, 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  6. A. A. Transeth, K. Y. Pettersen, and P. Liljebäck, “A survey on snake robot modeling and locomotion,” Robotica, vol. 27, pp. 999–1015, 2008.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Y. Shan and Y. Koren, “Design and motion planning of a mechanical snake,” IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cyb., vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 1091–1100, July–August 1993.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. A. Greenfield, A. A. Rizzi, and H. Choset, “Dynamic ambiguities in frictional rigid-body systems with application to climbing via bracing,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Robotics and Automation, 2005, pp. 1947–1952.

  9. Z. Bayraktaroglu and P. Blazevic, “Understanding snakelike locomotion through a novel push-point approach,” J. Dyn. Syst. — Trans. ASME, vol. 127, no. 1, pp. 146–152, March 2005.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Z. Y. Bayraktaroglu, “Snake-like locomotion: Experimentations with a biologically inspired wheel-less snake robot,” Mechanism and Machine Theory, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 591–602, 2008.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. P. Liljebäck, K. Y. Pettersen, Ø. Stavdahl, and J. T. Gravdahl, “Hybrid modelling and control of obstacle-aided snake robot locomotion,” IEEE Trans. Robotics, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 781–799, October 2010.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. —, “Experimental investigation of obstacle-aided locomotion with a snake robot,” IEEE Trans. Robotics, 2010, cond. accepted.

  13. H. Date and Y. Takita, “Adaptive locomotion of a snake like robot based on curvature derivatives,” in Proc. IEEE/RSJ Int. Conf. Intelligent Robots and Systems, San Diego, CA, USA, Oct–Nov 2007, pp. 3554–3559.

  14. A. M. Andruska and K. S. Peterson, “Control of a snake-like robot in an elastically deformable channel,” IEEE/ASME Trans. Mechatronics, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 219–227, April 2008.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. K. Watanabe, M. Iwase, S. Hatakeyama, and T. Maruyama, “Control strategy for a snake-like robot based on constraint force and verification by experiment,” in IEEE/RSJ Int. Conf. Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2008, pp. 1618–1623.

  16. T. Sato, W. Watanabe, and A. Ishiguro, “An adaptive decentralized control of a serpentine robot based on the discrepancy between body, brain and environment,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Robotics and Automation, may. 2010, pp. 709–714.

  17. M. Nilsson, “Ripple and roll: Slip-free snake robot locomotion,” in Proc. Mechatronical Computer Systems for Perception and Action, Piza, Italy, February 1997.

  18. K. Lipkin, I. Brown, H. Choset, J. Rembisz, P. Gianfortoni, and A. Naaktgeboren, “Di erentiable and piecewise di erentiable gaits for snake robots,” in Proc. IEEE/RSJ Int. Conf. Intelligent Robots and Systems, San Diego, CA, USA, Oct–Nov 2007, pp. 1864–1869.

  19. R. Hatton and H. Choset, “Generating gaits for snake robots by annealed chain fitting and keyframe wave extraction,” in Proc. IEEE/RSJ Int. Conf. Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2009, pp. 840–845.

  20. M. Sfakiotakis and D. Tsakiris, “Biomimetic centering for undulatory robots,” The Int. Journal of Robotics Research, vol. 26, pp. 1267–1282, 2007.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. D. Zarrouk, I. Sharf, and M. Shoham, “Analysis of earthworm-like robotic locomotion on compliant surfaces,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Robotics and Automation, 2010, pp. 1574–1579.

  22. G. Kulali, M. Gevher, A. Erkmen, and I. Erkmen, “Intelligent gait synthesizer for serpentine robots,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Robotics and Automation, vol. 2, 2002.

  23. E. Shammas, A. Wolf, H. B. B. Jr., and H. Choset, “New joint design for three-dimensional hyper redundant robots,” in Proc. IEEE/RSJ Int. Conf. Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2003.

  24. H. B. Brown, M. Schwerin, E. Shammas, and H. Choset, “Design and control of a second-generation hyper-redundant mechanism,” in Proc. IEEE/RSJ Int. Conf. Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2007, pp. 2603–2608.

  25. C. Wright, A. Johnson, A. Peck, Z. McCord, A. Naaktgeboren, P. Gianfortoni, M. Gonzalez-Rivero, R. Hatton, and H. Choset, “Design of a modular snake robot,” in Proc. IEEE/RSJ Int. Conf. Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2007, pp. 2609–2614.

  26. G. Granosik, J. Borenstein, and M. G. Hansen, Industrial Robotics: Programming, Simulation and Applications. Pro Literatur Verlag, Germany / ARS, Austria, 2006, ch. 33, pp. 633–662.

  27. J. C. McKenna, D. J. Anhalt, F. M. Bronson, H. B. Brown, M. Schwerin, E. Shammas, and H. Choset, “Toroidal skin drive for snake robot locomotion,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Robotics and Automation, May 2008, pp. 1150–1155.

  28. T. L. T. Chen, S. Liu, and J. Yen, “A bio-mimetic snake-like robot: Sensor based gait control,” in Advanced robotics and Its Social Impacts, 2008. ARSO 2008. IEEE Workshop on, 2008, pp. 1–6.

  29. S. R. Taal, H. Yamada, and S. Hirose, “3 axial force sensor for a semi-autonomous snake robot,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Robotics and Automation, 2009, pp. 4057–4062.

  30. J. Gonzalez-Gomez, J. Gonzalez-Quijano, H. Zhang, and M. Abderrahim, “Toward the sense of touch in snake modular robots for search and rescue operations,” in Proc. ICRA 2010 Workshop “Modular Robots: State of the Art”, 2010, pp. 63–68.

  31. P. Liljebäck, K. Y. Pettersen, and Ø. Stavdahl, “A snake robot with a contact force measurement system for obstacle-aided locomotion,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Robotics and Automation, Anchorage, AK, USA, 2010, pp. 683–690.

  32. P. Liljebäck, K. Y. Pettersen, Ø. Stavdahl, and J. T. Gravdahl, “Controllability and stability analysis of planar snake robot locomotion,” IEEE Trans. Automatic Control, 2010, to appear.

  33. H. Kimura and S. Hirose, “Development of genbu: Active wheel passive joint articulated mobile robot,” in IEEE/RSJ Int. Conf. Intelligent Robots and Systems, vol. 1, 2002, pp. 823–828.

    Google Scholar 

  34. H. Yamada and S. Hirose, “Development of practical 3-dimensional active cord mechanism ACM-R4,” Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 1–7, 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  35. T. Kamegawa, T. Yarnasaki, H. Igarashi, and F. Matsuno, “Development of the snake-like rescue robot ‘Kohga’,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Robotics and Automation, vol. 5, April 2004, pp. 5081–5086.

    Google Scholar 

  36. A. Masayuki, T. Takayama, and S. Hirose, “Development of ”Souryu-III”: connected crawler vehicle for inspection inside narrow and winding spaces,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Intelligent Robots and Systems, vol. 1, 2004, pp. 52–57.

    Google Scholar 

  37. J. Gao, X. Gao, W. Zhu, J. Zhu, and B. Wei, “Design and research of a new structure rescue snake robot with all body drive system,” in IEEE Int. Conf. Mechatronics and Automation, 2008, pp. 119–124.

  38. M. Hara, S. Satomura, H. Fukushima, T. Kamegawa, H. Igarashi, and F. Matsuno, “Control of a snake-like robot using the screw drive mechanism,” in IEEE Int. Conf. Robotics and Automation, 2007, pp. 3883–3888.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Pål Liljebäck.

About this article

Cite this article

Liljebäck, P., Stavdahl, Ø., Pettersen, K.Y. et al. Two new design concepts for snake robot locomotion in unstructured environments. Paladyn 1, 154–159 (2010). https://doi.org/10.2478/s13230-011-0001-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/s13230-011-0001-0

Keywords

Navigation