Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Bi-hybrid coatings: polyaniline-montmorillonite filler in organic-inorganic polymer matrix

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Chemical Papers Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A bi-hybrid composite is represented by an organic-inorganic (O-I) filler dispersed in an O-I matrix. Polyaniline-montmorillonite, as a nanocomposite filler, was synthesised by two independent processes: (1) montmorillonite was surface-modified with a conducting polymer, polyaniline, during the in-situ oxidation of aniline or (2) montmorillonite was pre-treated with aniline, then the aniline was polymerised and the polyaniline subsequently produced penetrated the montmorillonite structure. The organic-inorganic polymer matrix was formed in two independent steps: (1) inorganic building units were formed in situ by the sol-gel process, (2) followed by organic polymeric matrix formation by polyaddition reactions of epoxy groups with amines. Polyaniline-montmorillonite filler was added to the reaction system between these two steps, i.e. when the inorganic structures of the O-I matrix have already been formed but prior to formation of the organic polymeric matrix. Two different O-I matrices were prepared from functionalised organosilicon precursors and oligomeric amines. 3-[(Glycidyloxy)propyl]trimethoxysilane reacted with α,ω-oligo(propylene oxide) diamine and diethoxy[3-(glycidyloxy)propyl]-methylsilane reacted with α,ω-oligo(propylene oxide) triamine. The resulting bi-hybrid coatings, the O-I filler dispersed in the O-I matrix, were characterised by atomic-force and optical microscopies, and also by tensile tests. The filler composition affected both the mechanical and surface properties of the coatings.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Armelin, E., Oliver, R., Liesa, F., Iribarren, J. I., Estrany, F., & Alemán, C. (2007). Marine paint fomulations: Conducting polymers as anticorrosive additives. Progress in Organic Coatings, 59, 46–52. DOI: 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2007.01.013.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Belleville, P. (2010). Functional coatings: The sol-gel approach. Comptes Rendus Chimie, 13, 97–105. DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2009.12.005.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bober, P., Stejskal, J., Špírková, M., Trchová, M., Varga, M., & Prokeš, J. (2010). Conducting polyaniline-montmorillonite composites. Synthetic Metals, 160, 2596–2604. DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2010.10.010.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brožová, L., Holler, P., Kovářová, J., Stejskal, J., & Trchová, M. (2008). The stability of polyaniline in strongly alkaline or acidic aqueous media. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 93, 592–600. DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2008.01.012.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brus, J., Špírková, M., Hlavatá, D., & Strachota, A. (2004). Self-organization, structure, dynamic properties, and surface morphology of silica/epoxy films as seen by solid-state NMR, SAXS, and AFM. Macromolecules, 37, 1346–1357. DOI: 10.1021/ma035608h.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chandrakanthi, N., & Careem, M. A. (2000). Thermal stability of polyaniline. Polymer Bulletin, 44, 101–108. DOI: 10.1007/s002890050579.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chisholm, B. J., Berry, M., Bahr, J., He, J., Li, J., Balbyshev, S., & Bierwagen, G. P. (2010). Combinatorial materials research applied to the development of new surface coatings XI: a workflow for the development of hybrid organic-inorganic coatings. Journal of Coatings Technology and Research, 7, 23–37. DOI: 10.1007/s11998-009-9163-7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crowley, K., Morrin, A., Shepherd, R. L., in het Panhuis, M., Wallace, G. G., Smyth, M. R., & Killard, A. J. (2010). Fabrication of polyaniline-based gas sensors using piezoelectric inkjet and screen printing for the detection of hydrogen sulfide. Sensors Journal, IEEE, 10, 1419–1426. DOI: 10.1109/jsen.2010.2044996.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • do Nascimento, G. M., Constantino, V. R. L., Landers, R., & Temperini, M. L. A. (2004). Aniline polymerization into montmorillonite clay: A spectroscopic investigation of the intercalated conducting polymer. Macromolecules 37, 9373–9385. DOI: 10.1021/ma049054+.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Han, Y. H., Taylor, A., & Knowles, K. M. (2009). Scratch resistance and adherence of novel organic-inorganic hybrid coatings on metallic and non-metallic substrates. Surface & Coatings Technology, 203, 2871–2877. DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2009.03.003.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hangarter, C. M., Bangar, M., Mulchandani, A., & Myung, N. V. (2010). Conducting polymer nanowires for chemiresistive and FET-based bio/chemical sensors. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 20, 3131–3140. DOI: 10.1039/b915717d.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hench, L. L., & West, J. K. (1990). The sol-gel process. Chemical Reviews, 90, 33–72. DOI: 10.1021/cr00099a003.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kalendová, A., Sapurina, I., Stejskal, J., & Veselý, D. (2008). Anticorrosion properties of polyaniline-coated pigments in organic coatings. Corrosion Science, 50, 3549–3560. DOI:10.1016/j.corsci.2008.08.044.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kalendová, A., Veselý, D., Stejskal, J., & Němec, P. (2009). Corrosion inhibition efficiency of organic coatings with content of polyaniline phosphate. Materials Research Innovations, 13, 295–297. DOI: 10.1179/143307509x440578.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kazim, S., Ahmad, S., Pfleger, J., Pleštil, J., & Joshi, Y. M. (2012). Polyaniline-sodium montmorillonite clay nanocomposites: effect of clay concentration on thermal, structural, and electrical properties. Journal of Materials Science, 47, 420–428. DOI: 10.1007/s10853-011-5815-y.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mosher, B. P., Wu, C. W., Sun, T., & Zeng, T. F. (2006). Particle-reinforced water-based organic-inorganic nanocomposite coatings for tailored applications. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 352, 3295–3301. DOI: 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2006.05.026.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Omastová, M., & Mičušík, M. (2012). Polypyrrole coating of inorganic and organic materials by chemical oxidative polymerization. Chemical Papers, 66, 392–414. DOI: 10.2478/s11696-011-0120-4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ruiz-Hitzky, E., & Aranda, P. (1997). Confinement of conducting polymers into inorganic solids. Anales de Quimica, 93, 197–212.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sanchez, C., Ribot, F., & Lebeau, B. (1999). Molecular design of hybrid organic-inorganic nanocomposites synthesized via sol-gel chemistry. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 9, 35–44. DOI: 10.1039/a805538f.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Špírková, M., Brus, J., Hlavatá, D., Kamišová, H., Matějka, L., & Strachota, A. (2003). Preparation and characterisation of hybrid organic/inorganic coatings and films. Surface Coatings International Part B: Coatings Transactions, 86, 187–193. DOI: 10.1007/bf02699652.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Špírková, M., Stejskal, J., & Prokeš, J. (2004). Hybrid organic-inorganic coatings and films containing conducting polyaniline nanoparticles. Macromolecular Symposia, 212, 343–348. DOI: 10.1002/masy.200450840.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Špírková, M., Brus, J., Brožová, L., Strachota, A., Baldrian, J., Urbanová, M., Kotek, J., Strachotová, B., & Šlouf, M. (2008a). A view from inside onto the surface of self-assembled nanocomposite coatings. Progress in Organic Coatings, 61, 145–155. DOI: 10.1016/j.progcoat.2007.07.032.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Špírková, M., Strachota, A., Strachotová, B., & Urbanová, M. (2008b). Effect of montmorillonite on properties of nanocomposite coatings. Surface Engineering, 24, 268–271. DOI: 10.1179/174329408x315454.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Špírková, M., Strachota, A., Brožová, L., Brus, J., Urbanová, M., Baldrian, J., Šlouf, M., Bláhová, O., & Duchek, P. (2010). The influence of nanoadditives on surface, permeability and mechanical properties of self-organized organic-inorganic nanocomposite coatings. Journal of Coatings Technology and Research, 7, 219–228. DOI: 10.1007/s11998-009-9175-3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Špírková, M., Duchek, P., Strachota, A., Poreba, R., Kotek, J., Baldrian, J., & Šlouf, M. (2011). The role of organic modification of layered nanosilicates on mechanical and surface properties of organic-inorganic coatings. Journal of Coatings Technology and Research, 8, 311–328. DOI: 10.1007/s11998-010-9315-9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stejskal, J., & Gilbert, R. G. (2002). Polyaniline. Preparation of a conducting polymer (IUPAC technical report). Pure and Applied Chemistry, 74, 857–867. DOI: 10.1351/pac200274050857.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stejskal, J., Sapurina, I., Trchová, M., & Konyushenko, E. N. (2008). Oxidation of aniline: Polyaniline granules, nanotubes, and oligoaniline microspheres. Macromolecules, 41, 3530–3536. DOI: 10.1021/ma702601q.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stejskal, J., Sapurina, I., & Trchová, M. (2010). Polyaniline nanostructures and the role of aniline oligomers in their formation. Progress in Polymer Science, 35, 1420–1481. DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2010.07.006.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stejskal, J., Exnerová, M., Morávková, Z., Trchová, M., Hromádková, J., & Prokeš, J. (2012). Oxidative stability of polyaniline. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 97, 1026–1033. DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.03.006.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Triantafyllidis, K. S., LeBaron, P. C., Park, I., & Pinnavaia, T. J. (2006). Epoxy-clay fabric film composites with unprecedented oxygen-barrier properties. Chemistry of Materials, 18, 4393–4398. DOI: 10.1021/cm060825t.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, Q., Xue, Z., Qi, Z., & Wang, F. (2000). Synthesis and characterization of PAn/clay nanocomposite with extended chain conformation of polyaniline. Polymer, 41, 2029–2032. DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(99)00356-0.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zeng, F. W., Liu, X. X., Diamond, D., & Lau, K. T. (2010). Humidity sensors based on polyaniline nanofibres. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 143, 530–534. DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2009.09.050.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 162 06, Prague 6, Czech Republic

    Milena Špírková, Patrycja Bober, Jiří Kotek & Jaroslav Stejskal

Authors
  1. Milena Špírková
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Patrycja Bober
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jiří Kotek
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Jaroslav Stejskal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Milena Špírková.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Špírková, M., Bober, P., Kotek, J. et al. Bi-hybrid coatings: polyaniline-montmorillonite filler in organic-inorganic polymer matrix. Chem. Pap. 67, 1020–1027 (2013). https://doi.org/10.2478/s11696-012-0299-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/s11696-012-0299-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation