Skip to main content
Log in

Solvothermal synthesis of hollow Eu2O3 microspheres using carbon template-assisted method

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Chemical Papers Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This work presents a sol-gel carbon sphere template-assisted method of hollow Eu2O3 microspheres preparation. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), as well as photoluminescence (PL) were used to characterise the products. The formation of hollow structure Eu2O3 microspheres can be assigned to a sol-gel carbon template. Furthermore, this work may confirm that the precursor sol-gel can be loaded onto the inner as well as the outer surface of carbon templates similarly as ions and nanocrystals. The presented method can afford a simple and efficient technique to obtain a series of hollow structure inorganic materials with high productivity.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ahuja, R., Auluck, S., Johansson, B., & Brooks, M. S. S. (1994). Electronic structure, magnetism, and Fermi surfaces of Gd and Tb. Physical Review B, 50, 5147–5154. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.50.5147.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bergbreiter, D. E. (1999). Self-assembled, sub-micrometer diameter semipermeable capsules. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 38, 2870–2872. DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1521-3773(19991004)38:19<2870::AID-ANIE2870>3.0.CO;2-6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bourret, G. R., & Lennox, R. B. (2010). 1D Cu(OH)2 nanomaterial synthesis templated in water microdroplets. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 132, 6657–6659. DOI: 10.1021/ja101579v.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Caruso, R. A., Susha, A., & Caruso, F. (2001). Multilayered titania, silica, and laponite nanoparticle coating on polystyrene colloidal templates and resulting inorganic hollow spheres. Chemistry of Materials, 13, 400–409. DOI: 10.1021/cm001175a.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, Y., Huang, Q. Z., Wang, J., Wang, Q., & Xue, J. M. (2011). Synthesis of mnodispersed SnO2@C composite hollow spheres for lithium ion battery anode applications. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 21, 17448–17453. DOI: 10.1039/c1jm13572d.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, Y., Qian, Z., & Zhang, Z. (2007). Interface-initiated emulsion polymerization: Synthesis of hollow spheres with a hole in the shell. Chemistry Letters, 36, 944–945. DOI: 10.1246/cl.2007.944.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fan, H. M., Yi, J. B., Kho, K. W., Tan, H. R., Shen, Z. X., Ding, J., Sun, X. W., Olivo, M. C., & Feng, Y. P. (2009). Single-crystalline MFe2O4 nanotubes/nanorings synthesized by thermal transformation process for biological applications. ACS Nano, 3, 2798–2808. DOI: 10.1021/nn9006797.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gao, R., Zhou, S., Chen, M., & Wu, L. (2011). Facile synthesis of monodisperse meso-microporous Ta3N5 hollow spheres and their visible light-driven photocatalytic activity. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 21, 17087–17090. DOI: 10.1039/c1jm13756e.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Han, Y., Fuji, M., Shchukin, D., Möhwald, H., & Takahashi, M. (2009). A new model for the synthesis of hollow particles via the bubble templating method. Crystal Growth & Design, 9, 3771–3775. DOI: 10.1021/cg900456t.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hu, P., Yu, L., Zuo, A., Guo, C., & Yuan, F. (2009). Fabrication of monodisperse magnetite hollow spheres. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 113, 900–906. DOI: 10.1021/jp806406c.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang, H., Remsen, E. E., Kowalewski, T., & Wooley, K. L. (1999). Nanocages derived from shell cross-linked micelle templates. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 121, 3805–3806. DOI: 10.1021/ja983610w.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jagadeesan, D., Mansoori, U., Mandal, P., Sundaresan, A., & Eswaramoorthy, M. (2008). Hollow spheres to nanocups: tuning the morphology and magnetic properties of singlecrystalline α-Fe2O3 nanostructures. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 47, 7685–7688. DOI: 10.1002/anie.200802626.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jia, G., Zhang, C., Wang, L., Ding, S., & You, H. (2011). Preparation and luminescence properties of lutetium oxide hollow spheres by a template-directed route. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 509, 6418–6422. DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2011.03.075.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jin, P., Chen, Q., Hao, L., Tian, R., Zhang, L., & Wang, L. (2004). Synthesis and catalytic properties of nickel-silica composite hollow nanospheres. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 108, 6311–6314. DOI: 10.1021/jp049754g.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, S. W., Kim, M., Lee, W. Y., & Hyeon, T. (2002). Fabrication of hollow palladium spheres and their successful application to the recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for Suzuki coupling reaction. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 124, 7642–7643. DOI: 10.1021/ja026032z.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lai, X., Li, J., Korgel, B. A., Dong, Z., Li, Z., Su, F., Du, J., & Wang, D. (2011). General synthesis and gas-sensing properties of multiple-shell metal oxide hollow microspheres. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 50, 2738–2741. DOI: 10.1002/anie.201004900.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lou, X. W., Yuan, C., & Archer, L. A. (2007a). Double-walled SnO2 nano-cocoons with movable magnetic cores. Advanced Materials, 19, 3328–3332. DOI: 10.1002/adma.200700357.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lou, X. W., Yuan, C., & Archer, L. A. (2007b). Shell-by-shell synthesis of tin oxide hollow colloids with nanoarchitectured walls: Cavity size tuning and functionalization. Small, 3, 261–265. DOI: 10.1002/smll.200600445.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mathiowitz, E., Jacob, J. S., Jong, Y. S., Carino, G. P., Chickering, D. E., Chaturvedi, P., Santos, C., Vijayaraghavan, K., Montgomery, S., Basset, M., & Morell, C. (1997). Biologically erodable microspheres as potential oral drug delivery systems. Nature, 386, 410–414. DOI: 10.1038/386410a0.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ming, J., Wu, Y., Wang, L. Y., Yu, Y., & Zhao, F. (2011). CO2-assisted template synthesis of porous hollow bi-phase γ-/α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles with high sensor property. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 21, 17776–17782. DOI: 10.1039/c1jm 12879e.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakashima, T., & Kimizuka, N. (2003). Interfacial synthesis of hollow TiO2 microspheres in ionic liquids. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 125, 6386–6387. DOI: 10.1021/ja034954b.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pol, V. G., Palchik, O., Gedanken, P. A., & Felner, I. (2002). Synthesis of europium oxide nanorods by ultrasound irradiation. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 106, 9737–9743. DOI: 10.1021/jp025864g.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shchukin, D. G., & Caruso, R. A. (2004). Template synthesis and phtocatalytic properties of porous metal oxide spheres formed by nanoparticle infiltration. Chemistry of Materials, 16, 2287–2292. DOI: 10.1021/cm0497780.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Skrabalak, S. E., Chen, J., Au, L., Lu, X., Li, X., & Xia, Y. (2007). Gold nanocages for biomedical applications. Advanced Materials, 19, 3177–3184. DOI: 10.1002/adma.200701972.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sun, X., & Li, Y. (2004). Ga2O3 and GaN semiconductor hollow spheres. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 43, 3827–3831. DOI: 10.1002/anie.200353212.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, X., Yu, L., Hu, P., & Yuan, F. (2007). Synthesis of singlecrystalline hollow octahedral NiO. Crystal Growth & Design, 7, 2415–2418. DOI: 10.1021/cg060957z.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, X., Yu, L., Wu, X. L., Yuan, F., Guo, Y. G., Ma, Y., & Yao, J. (2009). Synthesis of single-crystalline Co3O4 octahedral cages with tunable surface aperture and their lithium storage properties. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 113, 15553–15558. DOI: 10.1021/jp904652m.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • White, R. J., Tauer, K., Antonietti, M., & Titirici, M. M. (2010). Functional hollow carbon nanospheres by latex templating. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 132, 17360–17363. DOI: 10.1021/ja107697s.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu, Z., Cao, Y., Li, C., Ma, P., Zhai, X., Huang, S., Kang, X., Shang, M., Yang, D., Dai, Y., & Lin, J. (2011). Urchin-like GdPO4 and GdPO4:Eu3+ hollow spheres — hydrothermal synthesis, luminescence and drug-delivery properties. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 21, 3686–3694. DOI: 10.1039/c0jm03333b.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yan, A., Liu, X., Yi, R., Shi, R., Zhang, N., & Qiu, G. (2008). Selective synthesis and properties of monodisperse Zn ferrite hollow nanospheres and nanosheets. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 112, 8858–8563. DOI: 10.1021/jp800997z.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yu, J., Liu, S., & Yu, H. (2007). Microstructures and photoactivity of mesoporous anatase hollow microspheres fabricated by fluoride-mediated self-transformation. Journal of Catalysis, 249, 59–66. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2007.03.032.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yu, J., Yu, X., Huang, B., Zhang, X., & Dai, Y. (2009). Hydrothermal synthesis and visible-light photocatalytic activity of novel cage-like ferric oxide hollow spheres. Crystal Growth & Design, 9, 1474–1480. DOI: 10.1021/cg800941d.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zeng, H. C. (2007). Ostwald ripening: A synthetic approach for hollow nanomaterials. Current Nanoscience, 3, 177–181. DOI: 10.2174/157341307780619279.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, L., Jia, G., You, H., Liu, K., Yang, M., Song, Y., Zheng, Y., Huang, Y., Guo, N., & Zhang, H. (2010). Sacrificial template method for fabrication of submicrometer-sized YPO4:Eu3+ hierarchical hollow spheres. Inorganic Chemistry, 49, 3305–3309. DOI: 10.1021/ic9022739.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, L., Luo, J., Wu, M., Jiu, H., & Chen, Q. (2007). Synthesis of Eu2O3 hollow submicrometer spheres through a sol-gel template approach. Materials Letters, 61, 4452–4455. DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2007.02.036.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, L., Sun, Y., Jiu, H., Han, X., Fan, T., & Liu, G. (2011). Bubble template synthesis of hollow CeO2 microspheres through a solvothermal approach. Micro & Nano Letters, 6, 22–25. DOI: 10.1049/mnl.2010.0148.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao, Y., & Jiang, L. (2009). Hollow micro/nanomaterials with multilevel interior structures. Advanced Materials, 21, 3621–3638. DOI: 10.1002/adma.200803645.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Li-Xin Zhang.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Zhang, LX., Sun, YX., Jiu, HF. et al. Solvothermal synthesis of hollow Eu2O3 microspheres using carbon template-assisted method. Chem. Pap. 66, 741–747 (2012). https://doi.org/10.2478/s11696-012-0194-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/s11696-012-0194-7

Keywords

Navigation