Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Lipid retention of novel pressurized extraction vessels as a function of the number of static and flushing cycles, flush volume, and flow rate

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Chemical Papers Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Lipid retention in novel pressurized solvent extraction vessels was examined as a function of static and flushing cycles, flushing flow rate and flush volume in an effort to decrease lipid elution after extraction. Results indicate that none of these variables plays a pivotal role in lipid retention within this system. Regardless of which variable was altered, lipid elution remained virtually constant at (55 ± 7) %. Findings suggest that lipid elution has more to do with the high flow rate at which extracts are purged from the system at the end of the static cycle.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Applied Separations (2010). Pressurized solvent extraction fast PSE. Retrieved July 24, 2010, from http://www.appliedseparations.com/pse/fast_PSE

  • Björklund, E., Müller, A., & von Holst, C. (2001). Comparison of fat retainers in accelerated solvent extraction for the selective extraction of PCBs from fat-containing samples. Analytical Chemistry, 73, 4050–4053. DOI: 10.1021/ac010178j.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Björklund, E., von Holst, C., & Anklam, E. (2002). Fast extraction, clean-up and detection methods for the rapid analysis and screening of seven indicator PCBs in food matrices. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 21, 40–53. DOI: 10.1016/S0165-9936(01)00120-0.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carabias-Martínez, R., Rodríguez-Gonzalo, E., Reilla-Ruiz, P., & Hernández-Méndez, J. (2005). Pressurized liquid extraction in the analysis of food and biological samples. Journal of Chromatography A, 1089, 1–17. DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.06.072.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carroll, K. K. (1961). Separation of lipid classes by chromatography on florisil. Journal of Lipid Research, 2, 135–141.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dionex Corporation (2010). News and product update. Journal of Medical Engineering and Technology, 34, 360–363. DOI: 10.3109/03091902.2010.506143.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fernández Moreno, J. L., Arrebola Liébanas, F. J., Garrido Frenich, A., & Martínez Vidal, J. L. (2006). Evaluation of different sample treatments for determining pesticide residues in fat vegetable matrices like avocado by low-pressure gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A, 1111, 97–105. DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.01.108.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frings, C. S., Fendley, T. W., Dunn, R. T., & Queen, C. A. (1972). Improved determination of total serum lipids by the sulfo-phospho-vanillin reaction. Clinical Chemistry, 18, 673–674.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garrido Frenich, A., Martinez, J. L., & Covaci, A. (2008). Determinations of pesticides in food of animal origin. In J. L. Tadeo (Ed.), Analysis of pesticides in food and environmental samples (pp. 177–206). Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press. DOI: 10.1201/9781420007756.ch7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gómez-Ariza, J. L., Bujalance, M., Giráldez, I., Velasco, A., & Morales, E. (2002). Determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in biota samples using simultaneous pressurized liquid extraction and purification. Journal of Chromatography A, 946, 209–219. DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)01534-5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton, J. G., & Comai, K. (1988). Rapid separation of neutral lipids, free fatty acids and polar lipids using pre-packed sep-Pak columns. Lipids, 23, 1146–1149. DOI: 10.1007/BF02535281.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haskins, S. D., Kelly, D. G., & Weir, R. D. (2010). Novel pressurized solvent extraction vessels for the analysis of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in avian whole blood. Analytica Chimica Acta, 677, 19–23. DOI:10.1016/j.aca.2009.12.036.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holden, A. V., & Marsden, K. (1969). Single-stage cleanup of animal tissue extracts for organochlorine residue analysis. Journal of Chromatography, 44, 481–492. DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)92572-5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keller, J. M., Swarthout, R. F., Carlson, B. K. R., Yordy, J., Guichard, A., Schantz, M.M., & Kucklick, J. R. (2009). Comparison of five extraction methods for measuring PCBs, PBDEs, organochlorine pesticides, and lipid content in serum. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 393, 747–760. DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2453-6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Knight, J. A., Anderson, S., & Rawle, J. M. (1972). Chemical basis of the sulpho-phospho-vanillin reaction for estimating total serum lipids. Clinical Chemistry, 18, 199–202.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lacorte, S., & Guillamon, M. (2008). Validation of a pressurized solvent extraction and GC-NCI-MS method for the low level determination of 40 polybrominated diphenyl ethers in mothers’ milk. Chemosphere, 73, 70–75. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.05.021.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McCant, D. D., Inoye, L. S., & McFarland, V. A. (1999). A onestep ASETMextraction method for TCDD TEQ determination. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 63, 282–288. DOI: 10.1007/s001289900978.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Müller, A., Björklund, E., & von Holst, C. (2001). On-line cleanup of pressurized liquid extracts for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in feedingstuffs and food matrices using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A, 925, 197–205. DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)01028-7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pauwels, A., Wells, D. A., Covaci, A., & Schepens, P. J. C. (1999). Improved sample preparation method for selected persistent organochlorine pollutants in human serum using solid-phase disk extraction with gas chromatographic analysis. Journal of Chromatography B, 723, 117–125. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-4347(98)00493-9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Popp, P., Keil, P., Möder, M., Paschke, A., & Thuss, U. (1997). Application of accelerated solvent extraction followed by gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated pesticides and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in solid wastes. Journal of Chromatography A, 774, 203–211. DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9673(97)00337-3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richter, B. E., Jones, B. A., Ezzell, J. L., Porter, N. L., Avdalovic, N., & Pohl, C. (1996). Accelerated solvent extraction: A technique for sample preparation. Analytical Chemistry, 68, 1033–1039. DOI: 10.1021/ac9508199.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saim, N., Dean, J. R., Abdullah, Md. P., & Zakaria, Z. (1997). Extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from contaminated soil using Soxhlet extraction, pressurized and atmospheric microwave-assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction and accelerated solvent extraction. Journal of Chromatography A, 791, 361–366. DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9673(97)00768-1.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schantz, M. M., Nichols, J. J., & Wise, S. A. (1997). Evaluation of pressurized fluid extraction for the extraction of environmental matrix reference materials. Analytical Chemistry, 69, 4210–4219. DOI: 10.1021/ac970299c.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sporring, S., & Björklund, E. (2004). Selective pressurized solvent extraction of polychlorinated biphenyls from fatcontaining food and feed sample: Influence of cell dimensions, solvent type, temperature and flush volume. Journal of Chromatography A, 1040, 155–161. DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.04.022.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sporring, S., von Holst, C., & Björklund, E. (2006). Selective pressurized liquid extraction of PCB’s from food and feed samples: Effects of high lipid amounts and lipid type on fat retention. Chromatographia, 64, 553–557. DOI: 10.1365/s10337-006-0059-8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waliszewski, St. M., & Szymczyński, G. A. (1990). Determination of phthalate esters in human semen. Andrologia, 22, 69–73. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.1990.tb01942.x.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wenzel, K.-D., Hubert, A., Manz, M., Weissflog, L., Engewald, W., & Schüürmann, G. (1998). Accelerated solvent extraction of semivolatile organic compounds from biomonitoring samples of pine needles and mosses. Analytical Chemistry, 70, 4827–4835. DOI: 10.1021/ac9806299.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Analytical Sciences Group, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, 11 General Crerar Crescent, Box 17000 Station Forces, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, K7K 7B4

    Stacey D. Haskins, David G. Kelly & Ron D. Weir

Authors
  1. Stacey D. Haskins
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. David G. Kelly
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ron D. Weir
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to David G. Kelly.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Haskins, S.D., Kelly, D.G. & Weir, R.D. Lipid retention of novel pressurized extraction vessels as a function of the number of static and flushing cycles, flush volume, and flow rate. Chem. Pap. 65, 393–397 (2011). https://doi.org/10.2478/s11696-011-0022-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/s11696-011-0022-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation