Abstract
Volatiles of fresh flowers of Prunus domestica L. and Prunus padus L. (their diethyl ether extracts) were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. 110 and 33 constituents were identified in P. domestica and P. padus extracts, respectively. 32 of the identified constituents were previously unreported as metabolites of taxa belonging to the genus Prunus. Six of them (4-methoxybenzyl palmitate, isoamyl stearate, isoamyl eicosanoate, isoamyl docosanoate and penta-O-acetyl-α- and β-D-glucopyranoses) are compounds reported for the first time from a natural source and one (isoamyl tetracosanoate) is a new compound in general. The major component of P. domestica extract was kaempferol (35.0 %), while P. padus extract was found to be rich in (Z)-8-hydroxylinalool (30.4 %), benzaldehyde (19.8 %) and 2-phenylethanol (15.1 %). Both extracts (P. domestica and P. padus) contained rather large amounts of shikimate metabolites (51.7 % and 39.1 %, respectively) and anther related odd-carbon numbered alkanes (23.2 % and 27.0 %, respectively). The observed differences between P. domestica and P. padus extracts corroborate the placement of P. domestica and P. padus in separate subgenera (Prunus and Cerasus, respectively) of the genus Prunus.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adams, R. P. (2007). Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, 4th Ed. Carol Stream: Allured Publishing Corporation.
Alissandrakis, E., Kibaris, A. C., Tarantilis, P. A., Harizanis, P. C., & Polissiou, M. (2005). Flavour compounds of Greek cotton honey. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 85, 1444–1452. DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.2124.
Chassagne, D., Boulanger, R., & Crouzet, J. (1999). Enzymatic hydrolysis of edible Passiflora fruit glycosides. Food Chemistry, 66, 281–288. DOI: 10.1016/S0308-8146(99)00044-8.
Dötterl, S., Burkhardt, D., Weißbecker, B., Jürgens, A., Schütz, S., & Mosandl, A. (2006). Linalool and lilac aldehyde/alcohol in flower scents: Electrophysiological detection of lilac aldehyde stereoisomers by a moth. Journal of Chromatography A, 1113, 231–238. DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.02.011.
Furniss, B. S., Hannaford, A. J., Rogers, V., Smith, P. W. G., & Tatchell, A. R. (1978). Vogel’s textbook of practical organic chemistry, 4th Ed. (pp. 454–455, 534). New York: Longman Inc.
Gomez, E., Ledbetter, C. A., & Hartsell, P. L. (1993). Volatile compounds in apricot, plum, and their interspecific hybrids. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 41, 1669–1676. DOI: 10.1021/jf00034a029.
Joy, B., Rajan, A., & Abraham, E. (2007). Antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of essential oil from Hedychium coronarium. Phytotherapy Research, 21, 439–443. DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2091.
Jürgens, A., & Dötterl, S. (2004). Chemical composition of anther volatiles in Ranunculaceae: genera-specific profiles in Anemone, Aquilegia, Caltha, Pulsatilla, Ranunculus, and Trollius species. American Journal of Botany, 91, 1969–1980.
Knudsen, J. T., Tollsten, L., & Bergström, L. G. (1993). Floral scents — a checklist of volatile compounds isolated by head-space techniques. Phytochemistry, 33, 253–280. DOI: 10.1016/0031-9422(93)85502-I.
Kucharska, A. Z., & Oszmianski, J. (2002). Anthocyanins in fruits of Prunus padus (bird cherry). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 82, 1483–1486. DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.1206.
Lee, S., & Wen, J. (2001). A phylogenetic analysis of Prunus and the Amygdaloideae (Rosaceae) using ITS sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA. American Journal of Botany, 88, 150–160.
Mastelić, J., Jerković, I., & Mesić, M. (2006). Volatile constituents from flowers, leaves, bark and wood of Prunus mahaleb L. Flavour Fragrance Journal, 21, 306–313. DOI: 10.1002/ffj.1596.
Ohta, S., Yamamoto, T., Nishitani, C., Katsuki, T., Iketani, H., & Omura, M. (2007). Phylogenetic relationships among Japanese flowering cherries (Prunus subgenus Cerasus) based on nucleotide sequences of chloroplast DNA. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 263, 209–225. DOI: 10.1007/s00606-006-0474-1.
Rapparini, F., Baraldi, R., & Facini, O. (2001). Seasonal variation of monoterpene emission from Malus domestica and Prunus avium. Phytochemistry, 57, 681–687. DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00124-8.
Roy, B. A., & Raguso, R. A. (1997). Olfactory versus visual cues in a floral mimicry system. Oecologia, 109, 414–426. DOI: 10.1007/s004420050101.
Surburg, H., Guentert, M., & Schwarze, B. (1990). Volatile constituents of European bird cherry flowers (Padus avium Mill.). Journal of Essential Oil Research, 2, 307–316.
van den Dool, H., & Kratz, P. D. (1963). A generalization of the retention index system including linear temperature programmed gas-liquid partition chromatography. Journal of Chromatography A, 11, 463–471. DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)80947-X.
Yamaguchi, I. (2007). The detection of bioactive components of the powder of bee-pollen-ethanol fraction. Bulletin of Tokyo Kasei University. Natural Science, 47, 29–34. (in Japanese)
Yoshinari, K., Sashida, Y., Mimaki, Y., & Shimomura, H. (1990). New polyacylated sucrose derivatives from the bark of Prunus padus. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 38, 415–417.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Radulović, N.S., Đorđević, A.S., Zlatković, B.K. et al. GC-MS analyses of flower ether extracts of Prunus domestica L. and Prunus padus L. (Rosaceae). Chem. Pap. 63, 377–384 (2009). https://doi.org/10.2478/s11696-009-0031-9
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/s11696-009-0031-9