Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Thymomas

Current Experience and Future Directions in Therapy

  • Leading Article
  • Published:
Drugs Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Arriagada R, Bretel JJ, Caillaud JM, Garreta L, Guerin RA, et al. Invasive carcinoma of the thymus. A multicenter retrospective review of 56 cases. European Journal of Clinical Oncology 20: 69–74, 1984

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Asamura H, Nakajima T, Mukai K, Noguchi M, Shimosato Y, et al. Degree of malignancy of thymic epithelial tumors in terms of nuclear DNA content and nuclear area. An analysis of 39 cases. American Journal of Pathology 133: 615–622, 1988

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Batata MA, Martini N, Huvos AG, Aguilar RI, Beattie EJ. Thymomas: clinicopathologic features, therapy, and prognosis. Cancer 34: 389–396, 1974

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bergh NP, Gakinsky P, Larsson S, Lundin P, Ridell B. Tumors of the thymus and thymic regions: I. Clinicopathological studies of thymomas. Annals of Thoracic Surgery 25: 91, 1978

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bernatz PE, Khonsari S, Harrison EG, Taylor WF. Thymoma: factors influencing prognosis. Surgical Clinics of North America 53: 885–892, 1973

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berthaud P, LeChevalier T, Tursz T. Effectiveness of inter-leukin-2 in invasive lymphoepithelial thymoma. Correspondence. Lancet 335: 1590, 1990

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bonomi P, Aisner S, Ettinger D, Finkelstein D. Phase II trial of cisplatin in recurrent or metastatic malignant thymoma: an ECOG trial. Proceedings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology 7: 221, 1988

    Google Scholar 

  • Boston B. Chemotherapy of invasive thymoma. Cancer 38: 49–52, 1976

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Butler WM, Diehl LF, Taylor HG, Weltz MD. Metastatic thymoma with myasthenia gravis. Complete remission with combination therapy. Cancer 50: 419–422, 1982

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell MG, Pollard R, Al-Sarraf M. A complete response in metastatic malignant thymoma to cis-platinum, doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide. Cancer 98: 1315–1317, 1981

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chahinian AP, Bhardwaj S, Meyer RJ, Jaffrey IS, Kirschner PA, et al. Treatment of invasive or metastatic thymoma. Cancer 47: 1752–1761, 1981

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chahinian AP, Nogrire C, Ohnuma T, Greenberg ML, Sivak M, et al. Phase I study of weekly maytansine given by IV bolus or 24-hour infusion. Cancer Treatment Reports 63: 1953–1960, 1979

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chilosi M, Iannucci A, Menestrina F, Lestani M, Scarpa A, et al. Immunohistochemical evidence of active thymocyte proliferation in thymoma. Its possible role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. American Journal of Pathology 128: 464–470, 1987

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Curran WJ, Kornstein MJ, Brooks JJ, Turrissi AT. Invasive thymoma: the role of mediastinal irradiation following complete or incomplete surgical resection. Journal of Clinical Oncology 6: 1722–1727, 1988

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Daugaard G, Hanson HH, Rorth M. Combination chemotherapy for malignant thymomas. Annals of Internal Medicine 99: 189–190, 1983

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Donovan PJ, Foley JF. Chemotherapy in invasive thymomas: five case reports. Journal of Surgical Oncology (New York) 33: 14–17, 1986

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dy C, Calvo FA, Mindan JP, Aparicio LA, Algarra SM, et al. Undifferentiated epithelial-rich invasive malignant thymoma: complete response to cisplatin, vinblastine, and bleomycin therapy. Journal of Clinical Oncology 6: 536–542, 1988

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fornasiero A, Daniele O, Ghiotto C, Sartori F, Rea F, et al. Chemotherapy of invasive thymoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology 8: 1419, 1423, 1990

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gerein AN, Srivastava SP, Burgess J. Thymoma: a ten year review. American Journal of Surgery 136: 49–53, 1978

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldel N, Boning L, Fredrik A, Hozel D, Hartenstein R, et al. Chemotherapy of invasive thymoma: a retrospective study of 22 cases. Cancer 63: 1493–1500, 1989

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harper PG, Highley M, Rankin E, Dussek J, Bryant B, et al. Ifosfamide monotherapy demonstrates high activity in malignant thymoma. Proceedings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology 10: 1049, 1991

    Google Scholar 

  • Harper P, Addis B. Unusual tumors of the medastinum. In Williams et al. (Eds) Textbook of uncommon cancer, pp. 411–448, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, 1988

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu E, Levine J. Chemotherapy of malignant thymoma: case report and review of the literature. Cancer 57: 1101–1104, 1986

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jaffrey L. Response to maytansine in a patient with malignant thymoma. Cancer Treatment Reports 64: 193–194, 1980

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klippstein TH, Mitrov PS, Kochendorfer K, Bergmann L. High dose adriamycin and cisplatin in advanced soft tissue sarcomas and invasive thymomas. Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology 13: 78–81, 1984

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kornstein MJ, Curran WJ, Turrisi AT, Brooks JJ. Cortical versus medullary thymomas: a useful morphologic distinction?. Human Pathology 19: 1335–1339, 1988

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kosmidis PA, Iliopoulos E, Pentea S. Combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, and vincristine in malignant thymoma and myasthenia gravis. Cancer 61: 1736–1740, 1988

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lauriola L, Maggiano N, Marino M, Carbone A, Piamtelli M, et al. Human thymoma: immunologic characteristics of the lymphocyte component. Cancer 48: 1992, 1981

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Legg MA, Brady WJ. Pathology and clinical behaviour of thymomas: a survey of 51 cases. Cancer 18: 1131–1144, 1965

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis JE, Wick MR, Scheithauer BW, Bernatz PE, Taylor WF. Thymoma. A clinicopathologic review. Cancer 60: 2727–2743, 1987

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Loehrer PJ, Lauer R, Roth BJ, Williams SD, Kalasinski LA, et al. Salvage therapy in recurrent germ cell cancer: ifosfamide and cisplatin plus either vinblastine or etoposide. Annals of Internal Medicine 109: 540–546, 1988

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Loehrer PJ, Bonomi P, Goldman S, Reddy S, Faber LP, et al. Remission of invasive thymoma due to chemotherapy. Chest 87: 377–380, 1985

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Loehrer PJ, Perez CA, Roth LM, Greco FA, Livingston RB, et al. Chemotherapy for advanced thymoma: preliminary results of an intergroup study. Annals of Internal Medicine 113: 520–524, 1990

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Macchiarini P, Chella A, Ducci F, Rossi B, Testi C, et al. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgery, and postoperative radiation therapy for invasive thymoma. Cancer 68: 706–713, 1991

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maggi G, Giaccone G, Donadio M, Ciuffreda L, Dalesio O, et al. Thymomas. A review of 169 cases, with particular reference to results of surgical treatment. Cancer 58: 765–776, 1986

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marks RD Jr, Wallace KM, Pettit HS. Radiation therapy control of nine patients with malignant thymoma. Cancer 41: 117–119, 1978

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Masaoka A, Monden Y, Nakahara K, Tamioka T. Follow-up study of thymomas with special reference to their clinical stages. Cancer 48: 2485–2492, 1981

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Masaoka A, Nagaoka Y, Maeda M, Mondem Y, Seike Y, et al. Study on the ratio of lymphocytes to epithelial cells in thymoma. Cancer 40: 1222–1228, 1977

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Michon JM, Caligiuri MA, Hazanow SM, Levine H, Schloss-man SF, et al. Induction of natural killer effectors form human thymus with recombinant interleukin-2. Journal of Immunology 140: 3660–3667, 1988

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mitrov PS, Bergmann L, Tuengerthal S. Induktion einer Kompletten Remission mit Adriamycin und Cis-Platin bei einem, invasiv wachsenden Thymom. Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift 44: 1667, 1982

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mizuno T, Hashimoto T, Masaoka A. Distribution of fibro-nectin and laminin in human thymoma. Cancer 65: 1267–1374, 1990

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Muller-Hermelink HK, Marino M, Palestro G. Pathology of thymic epithelial tumors. Current Topics in Pathology 75: 207–268, 1986

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nabholz M, MacDonald H. Cytolytic T lymphocytes. Annual Review of Immunology 1: 273–306, 1983

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nomori H, Ishihara T, Torikata C. Malignant grading of cortical and medullary differentiated thymoma by morphometric analysis. Cancer 64: 1694–1699, 1989

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Patterson GA. Thymomas. Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 4: 39–44, 1992

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Penn CRH, Hope-Stone HF. The role of radiotherapy in the management of malignant thymoma. British Journal of Surgery 59: 533–538, 1972

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pescarmona E, Rendina EA, Venuta F, Ricci C, Ruco LP, et al. Analysis of prognostic factors and clinicopathological staging of thymoma. Annals of Thoracic Surgery 55: 534–538, 1990

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips J, Lanier L. Acquisition of non-MHC restricted cytotoxic function by IL-2 activated thymocytes with an ‘immature’ antigenic phenotype. Journal of Immunology 139: 638–687, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  • Pollack A, El-Naggar AK, Cox JD, Ro JY, Sahin A, et al. Thymoma. The prognostic significance of flow cytometric DNA analysis. Cancer 69: 1702–1709, 1992

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ribeiro RC, Patton DF, Jenkins J, Sixby JW. Thymic carcinoma with a defective Epstein-Barr virus encoding the BZLF1 trans-activator. Proceedings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology 10: 76, 1991

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberg JC. Neoplasms of the mediastinum. In DeVita et al. (Eds) Cancer principles and practice of oncology, Vol. 1, pp. 706–724, JB Lippincott, Philadelphia, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  • Rouse RV, Weiss LM. Human thymomas: evidence of im-munohistologically defined normal and abnormal mi-croenvironmental differentiation. Cellular Immunology 111: 94106, 1988

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stolinsky DC, Hum GJ, Jacobs EM, Solomon J, Bateman JR. Clinical trial of weekly doses of vinblastine (NSC-49842) combined with vincristine (NSC-67574) in malignant lymphoma and other neoplasms. Cancer Chemotherapy Reports 57: 477–484, 1973

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Urgeis A, Monetti U, Rossi G, et al. Role of radiation therapy in locally advanced thymoma. Radiotherapy and Oncology 19: 273–280, 1990

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vematsu M, Kondo M. A proposal for treatment of invasive thymoma. Cancer 58: 1979–1984, 1986

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilkins EW, Castleman B. Thymoma: a continuing survey at the Massachusetts General Hospital. Annals of Thoracic Surgery 28: 252–256, 1979

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yamakawa Y, Masaoka A, Hashimoto T, Niwa H, Mizuno T, et al. A tentative tumor-node-metastasis classification of thymoma. Cancer 68: 1984–1987, 1991

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University Medical Center, 550 North University Boulevard, Room 1730, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202-5265, USA

    Patrick J. Loehrer

Authors
  1. Patrick J. Loehrer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Loehrer, P.J. Thymomas. Drugs 45, 477–487 (1993). https://doi.org/10.2165/00003495-199345040-00001

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.2165/00003495-199345040-00001

Keywords

Search

Navigation