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Anthropometric Measurements in Canadian Children: A Scoping Review

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Abstract

Objective

The objective of the current study was to identify what forms of anthropometric measurement are currently being utilized with Canadian children and youth and what are the gaps in the literature on this topic.

Methods

The current study utilized a scoping review methodology in order to achieve the study objectives. Online databases Medline and PubMed and CINAHL were used to search articles from the last decade (2002–2012) that addressed Canadian children aged 2–18 years.

Synthesis

50 studies were included in this review. A variety of anthropometric measurements were identified, including body mass index, waist circumference, hip-to-waist ratio, among others. Six of the included studies (12%) utilized nationally representative data from large-scale studies. BMI was the most reported form of measurement with 88% of studies collecting it. Waist circumference was a distant second with 20% of studies reporting it. Several gaps in the literature exist with regards to First Nations (FN) research; many of the measurement methods were not used. Additionally, FN accounted for only 2.5% of the study’s sample. The majority of studies took place in Quebec (29%) and Ontario (27%).

Conclusion

Body mass index is the most reported method of anthropometric measurement used for children. Efforts should be taken by health care practitioners and researchers to collect other forms of measurement in order to assist in understanding the validity of other measures and their value when used with children. Furthermore, attention needs to be focused on utilizing and studying various forms of anthropometric measurement across all Canadian regions and populations.

Résumé

Objectifs

Répertorier les formes de mesures anthropométriques actuellement utilisées avec les enfants et les jeunes du Canada et cerner les lacunes dans les travaux publiés sur le sujet.

Méthode

Nous avons utilisé la méthode de l’étude de champ pour atteindre les objectifs de l’étude. Les bases de données en ligne Medline, PubMed et CINAHL ont servi à interroger les articles des 10 dernières années (2002–2012) portant sur les enfants canadiens de 2 à 18 ans.

Synthèse

Cinquante études ont été incluses dans notre examen. Diverses mesures anthropométriques ont été répertoriées, dont l’indice de masse corporelle, le périmètre ombilical et le rapport taille/hanches. Six des études incluses (12 %) utilisaient des données représentatives à l’échelle nationale provenant d’études à grande échelle. L’IMC était la mesure la plus utilisée (88 % des études). Le périmètre ombilical venait loin derrière (20 % des études). Il existe plusieurs lacunes dans les travaux de publiés en ce qui a trait à la recherche sur les Premières Nations; bon nombre des méthodes de mesure n’ont pas été utilisées. De plus, les études sur les Premières Nations ne représentaient que 2,5 % de notre échantillon d’études. La majorité des études étaient menées au Québec (29 %) et en Ontario (27 %).

Conclusion

L’indice de masse corporelle est la méthode de mesure anthropométrique la plus utilisée avec les enfants. Les professionnels de la santé et les chercheurs devraient faire des efforts pour prendre d’autres formes de mesures, afin qu’on en connaisse mieux la validité et la valeur lorsqu’elles sont utilisées avec les enfants. Par ailleurs, il faudrait s’intéresser à l’utilisation et à l’étude de diverses formes de mesures anthropométriques dans toutes les régions et les populations du Canada.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Ian T. Patton PhD

  2. Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Amy C. McPherson PhD CPsychol, AFBPsS

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  1. Ian T. Patton PhD
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Correspondence to Ian T. Patton PhD.

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Acknowledgements: The authors acknowledge the funding support for this work through Mitacs and The Sandbox Project.

Conflict of Interest: None to declare.

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Patton, I.T., McPherson, A.C. Anthropometric Measurements in Canadian Children: A Scoping Review. Can J Public Health 104, e369–e374 (2013). https://doi.org/10.17269/cjph.104.4032

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