Abstract
This study addressed the rutting potential of binders prepared with ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (AC + EVA) and this same copolymer combined with polyphosphoric acid (AC + EVA + PPA). Multiple stress creep and recovery (MSCR) tests at 64, 70 and 76 °C were conducted in the binder samples, as well as flow number tests at 60 °C in the mixture samples. The AC + EVA and the AC + EVA + PPA are equally graded on Superpave (76-xx), and rheological models were selected to further investigate this rutting behavior of the materials. The rankings of the most rut resistant mixtures—AC + EVA + PPA, followed by the AC + EVA and the 50/70 base binder—are exactly the same according to the binder parameters Jnr (nonrecoverable compliance from MSCR), GV (viscous component of the creep stiffness from the Burgers model) and α from the modified power model. However, the parameter Jnr, diff (percent difference in compliances) showed a diametrically opposite trend in terms of the rutting resistance of binders, and this further suggests its inability to be used as a performance-related parameter in the Superpave specification.
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Abbreviations
- AASHTO:
-
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
- AC:
-
Asphalt cement/binder
- ALF:
-
Accelerated loading facility
- ASTM:
-
American Society for Testing and Materials
- COV:
-
Coefficient of variation
- EVA:
-
Ethylene vinyl acetate
- FN:
-
Flow number
- MSCR:
-
Multiple stress creep and recovery
- PPA:
-
Polyphosphoric acid
- Superpave:
-
Superior performance asphalt pavements
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Acknowledgements
The first author thanks the Brazilian Federal Research Agency (CAPES) for conceding a doctorate scholarship under the Grant No. 141377/2012-7 between 2012 and 2013, as well as the Research Agency of the Sao Paulo State (FAPESP) for providing two scholarships under the Grant Numbers 2013/20483-6 (regular scholarship between 2013 and 2016) and 2014/17584-8 (scholarship for a visiting program at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, US). The second author acknowledges FAPESP for supplying financial funds under the Grant No. 2006/55835-6. All the authors are grateful to the Lubnor-Petrobras refinery (Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil) for supplying the 50/70 original binder used in the preparation of the samples, and big thanks also go to Braskem (Brazil), the Bandeirantes quarry (Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo, Brazil) and Innophos Inc. (US) for supplying the HM 728 EVA copolymer, the basaltic aggregates and the Innovalt® E200 PPA to the study, respectively.
Funding
This study was funded by the Brazilian Federal Research Agency (CAPES) and the Research Agency of the Sao Paulo State (FAPESP) under the Grant Numbers reported above.
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Domingos, M.D.I., Faxina, A.L. & Bernucci, L.L.B. Rutting behavior and rheological modeling of EVA-modified binders in the mixture and binder scales. Mater Struct 52, 36 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-019-1335-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-019-1335-z