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Differentiation of bitumen according to the refinery and ageing state based on FTIR spectroscopy and multivariate analysis methods

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Abstract

The aim of this work was to determine models for the characterisation of bitumen based on the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and a chemometrical evaluation of the spectra. For this, 90 bitumen samples were investigated using the attenuated total reflexion technology with multiple reflexions. The gained spectra were divided into two partial spectra with the relevant peaks and pre-processed with a Standard Normal Variate transformation and the first derivative. For a comprehensive evaluation, multivariate analysis methods in terms of the factor analysis and the discriminant analysis were used. Based on the pre-processed spectra and the evaluation methods, models could be determined allowing the differentiation of bitumen samples according to the refinery and the ageing state. Concerning the long-term aged states, a simultaneous consideration of samples from different refineries is possible while, for the differentiation of the unaged and the short-term aged states, the separate consideration of the different refineries is necessary. Thus, the FTIR spectroscopy as a fast investigation method enables the first characterisation of bitumen samples according to the refinery and the ageing state.

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Standards

  1. EN 12591 (2009) Bitumen and bituminous binders—specifications for paving grade bitumens

  2. EN 12607-1 (2007) Bitumen and bituminous binders—determination of the resistance to hardening under the influence of heat and air—part 1: RTFOT Method

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Professor Dr. Martin Radenberg and Dr. Volker Hirsch for the support and the expert advices. Furthermore, the authors would like to thank Dr. Norbert Simmleit for the provided bitumen samples.

Funding

This report is based on parts of a research project carried out at the request of the German Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure, represented by the German Federal Highway Research Institute, under research project No. 7.0249/2011/BRB and on parts of a research project carried out at the request of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, represented by The Association of German Engineers, under research project No. 13N13109. The authors are solely responsible for the content.

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  1. Building Materials and Construction Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355, Berlin, Germany

    S. Weigel & D. Stephan

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  1. S. Weigel
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  2. D. Stephan
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Correspondence to D. Stephan.

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Weigel, S., Stephan, D. Differentiation of bitumen according to the refinery and ageing state based on FTIR spectroscopy and multivariate analysis methods. Mater Struct 51, 130 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-018-1252-6

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