Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

New model for the indirect determination of the tensile stress–strain curve of concrete by means of the Brazilian test

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Materials and Structures Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

On the basis of the results from an experimental campaign and using simple expressions, a model for the indirect determination of the tensile stress–strain curve of concrete by means of a splitting tensile test (Brazilian test) is proposed. By testing complete specimens as well as specimens cut along the loading plane it was possible to determine the equivalent tensile strength component produced in the cylinder subjected to diametral compression. The model made it possible to reproduce adequately the behavior observed in tests carried out with both cylindrical and cubic specimens of materials such as concrete, mortar and rock. This model, if complemented with a more extensive experimental campaign, would provide an expression for the determination of the tensile stress–strain curve of several concretes or quasi-fragile materials.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. CRD (1992) CRD C 164 standard test method for direct tensile strength of cylindrical concrete or mortar specimens, Corps of Engineers, CRD-C, Handbook for Concrete and Cement, USA, pp 4

  2. RILEM TC 162-TDF (Recommendations) (2001) Test and design methods for steel fibre reinforced concrete. Uni-axial tension test for steel fibre reinforced concrete. Mater Struct 34(235):3–6

    Google Scholar 

  3. ASTM International (2010) ASTM C293/C293M-10 standard test method for flexural strength of concrete (using simple beam with center-point loading), Annual Book of ASTM Standards, 04(02):3

  4. AENOR (2009) UNE-EN 12390-5. Ensayos de hormigón endurecido. Parte 5: Resistencia a flexión de probetas. Madrid, España, pp 12 (in Spanish)

  5. ASTM International (2010) ASTM C78/C78M-10 standard test method for flexural strength of concrete (using simple beam with third-point loading), Annual Book of ASTM Standards, 04(02):4

  6. Carneiro F, Barcellos A (1949) A Résistance a la traction des betons. RILEM Bull 13:98–125

    Google Scholar 

  7. Molins C, Aguado A, Saludes S (2009) Double punch test to control the tensile properties of FRC (Barcelona Test). Mater Struct 42:415–425. doi:10.1617/s11527-008-9391-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. AENOR (2010) UNE 83515, Hormigones con fibras. Determinación de la resistencia a fisuración, tenacidad y resistencia residual a tracción. Método Barcelona. Madrid, España, pp 10 (in Spanish)

  9. Chen W (1970) Double punch test for tensile strength of concrete. ACI Mater J 67(2):993–995

    Google Scholar 

  10. Ozyldirim C, Carino N (2006) Concrete strength testing, en significance of tests and properties of concrete and concrete-making materials. In: Lamond JF, Pielert JH (eds), ASTM STP 169 D, ASTM International, USA, pp 664

  11. AENOR (2010) UNE-EN 12390-6, Ensayos de hormigón endurecido. Parte 6: Resistencia a tracción indirecta de probetas, Madrid, España, pp 14 (in Spanish)

  12. RILEM (1994) Tension splitting of concrete specimen, CPC6, 1975, Rilem Technical Recommendation for the Testing and Use of Construction Materials, E&FN Spon, London. pp 21–22

  13. Castro-Montero A, Jia Z, Shah S (1995) Evaluation of damage in Brazilian test using holographic interferometry. ACI Mater J 92(2):268–275

    Google Scholar 

  14. Carmona S, Gettu R, Aguado A (1998) Study of the post-peak behavior of concrete in the splitting-tension test, fracture mechanics of concrete structures. In: Mihashi H, Rokugo K (eds) Proceedings of Third International Conference, Gifu, Japan, vol 1. AEDIFICATIO Publishers, Freiburg, pp 111–120

  15. Reinhardt H, Finck F, Grosse C, Kurz J (2007), Brazilian test of concrete evaluated by AE, earthquakes and acoustic emission. In: Carpinteri A, Lacidogna G (eds) Selected Papers from the 11th International Conference on Fracture, Turin, Italy, March 20–25, 2005, Taylor and Francis, London, pp 139–146

  16. Rocco C, Guinea G, Planas J, Elices M (1999) Mechanisms of rupture in splitting tests. ACI Mater J 96:52–60

    Google Scholar 

  17. Chen A, Chen W (1976) Nonlinear analysis of concrete splitting tests. Comput Struct 6(6):451–457

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  18. Hondros G (1959) The evaluation of Poisson’s ratio and the modulus of materials of a low tensile resistance by the Brazilian (indirect tensile) test with particular reference to concrete. Aust J Appl Sci 10:243–268

    Google Scholar 

  19. Lin Z, Wood L (2003) Concrete uniaxial tensile strength and cylinder splitting test. J Struct Eng 129(5):692–698

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Ruiz G, Ortiz M, Pandol A (2000) Three-dimensional finite-element simulation of the dynamic Brazilian tests on concrete cylinders. Int J Numer Methods Eng 48:963–994

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  21. Zhu W, Tang C (2006) Numerical simulation of Brazilian disk rock failure under static and dynamic loading. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 43:236–252

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Carmona S, Fernández R, Aguado A, Gettu R (2006) Simplified calculation of the splitting: tensile strength of concrete using the strut-and-tie method (in Spanish). Hormigón y Acero 242:65–74

    Google Scholar 

  23. Olesen J, Østergaard L, Stang H (2006) Nonlinear fracture mechanics and plasticity of the split cylinder test. Mater Struct 39:421–432. doi:10.1617/s11527-005-9018-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Chen W (2007) Plasticity in reinforced concrete. J. Ross Publishing, USA 479

    Google Scholar 

  25. Rocco C, Guinea G, Planas J, Elices M (1999) Size effect and boundary conditions in the Brazilian test: experimental verification. Mater Struct 32:210–217

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Rocco C, Guinea G, Planas J, Elices M (1999) Size effect and boundary conditions in the Brazilian test: theoretical analysis. Mater Struct 32:437–444

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Rocco C, Guinea G, Planas J, Elices M (2001) Review of the splitting-test standards from a fracture mechanics point of view. Cem Concr Res 31:73–82

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Tang T (1994) Effects of load-distributed width on split tension of unnotched and notched cylindrical specimens. J Test Eval 22:401–409

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Sabins G, Mirza S (1979) Size effects in model concretes. J Struct Div 106:1007–1020

    Google Scholar 

  30. Bazant Z, Kazemi M, Hasegawa T, Mazars J (1991) Size effect in Brazilian split-cylinder test. Measurement and analysis. ACI Mater J 88:325–332

    Google Scholar 

  31. Hasegawa T (1985) Size effect on splitting tensile strength of concrete. In: Proceedings of JCI, pp 309–312

  32. Bazant Z, Ozbolt J, Eligehausen R (1994) Fracture size effect: review of evidence for concrete structures. ASCE J Struct Eng 120:2377–2398

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Carmona S (2009) Effect of specimen size and loading conditions on indirect tensile test results. Materiales de Construcción 59(294):7–18

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Shah S, Swartz S, Ouyang C (1995) Fracture mechanics of concrete: applications of fracture mechanics to concrete, rock and other quasi-brittle materials. Wiley, New York, pp 588

  35. AENOR (2009) UNE-EN 12390-2. Ensayos de hormigón endurecido. Parte 2: Fabricación y curado de probetas para ensayos de resistencia. Madrid, España, pp 12 (in Spanish)

  36. Elices M, Guinea G, Planas J (1992) Measurement of the fracture energy using three-point bend test: Part 3 Influence of cutting the P–δ tail. Mater Struct 25:327–334

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Gettu R, Mobasher B, Carmona S, Jansen D (1996) Testing of concrete under closed-loop control. Adv Cem Based Mater 3(2):54–71

    Google Scholar 

  38. CEB-FIP (2010), Model code: first complete draft, Volumen 1, FIB Bulletin no 55, Marzo, pp 318

  39. Laranjeira F (2010) Design-oriented constitutive model for steel fiber reinforced concrete, Tesis Doctoral, ETSECCPB, UPC, Barcelona, Spain, pp 318

  40. Carreira D, Chu K (1986) Stress–strain relationship for reinforced concrete in tension. ACI J 83(1):21–28

    Google Scholar 

  41. Casanova I, Agulló L, Aguado A (1996) Aggregate expansivity due to sulfide oxidation-I. Reaction system and rate model. Cem Concr Res 26(7):993–998

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Barr B, Lee M (2003) Modelling the strain-softening behavior of plain concrete using a double-exponential model. Mag Concr Res 55(4):343–353

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. RILEM TC 50-FMC (1985) Determination of the fracture energy of mortar and concrete by means of the three-point bend tests on notched beams. Mater Struct 18:45–48

    Google Scholar 

  44. AENOR (2009) UNE-EN 12390-3. Ensayos de hormigón endurecido. Parte 3: Determinación de la resistencia a compresión de probetas. Madrid, España, pp 22 (in Spanish)

  45. ASTM International (2004) ASTM C496/C496M-04 Standard test method for splitting tensile strength of cylindrical concrete specimens, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, 04(02):281–284

  46. Tang T, Shah S, Ouyang C (1992) Fracture mechanics and size effect of concrete in tension. J Struct Eng 118:3169–3185

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors wish to acknowledge the collaboration of D. Morales, an undergraduate student at UTFSM of Chile. S. Carmona’s stay in Barcelona throughout the development of this research was funded by the Fundación Carolina from Spain, the UPC from Barcelona (Spain) and the UTFSM from Valparaíso (Chile). Likewise, the authors also wish to thank Spain’s Ministry of Science and Innovation for granting them the project BIA2010-20.913-C02-02, titled “Expansive reactions in concrete works: prevention, diagnosis and prediction of their future evolution”.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Obras Civiles, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile

    Sergio Carmona

  2. Department of Construction Engineering, ETSCCPB, Technical University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain

    Antonio Aguado

Authors
  1. Sergio Carmona
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Antonio Aguado
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sergio Carmona.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Carmona, S., Aguado, A. New model for the indirect determination of the tensile stress–strain curve of concrete by means of the Brazilian test. Mater Struct 45, 1473–1485 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-012-9851-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-012-9851-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation