Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effects of Sm on microstructure and corrosion resistance of hot-extruded AZ61 magnesium alloys

  • Article
  • Published:
Journal of Materials Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this study, the effects of Sm on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of hot-extruded AZ61 magnesium alloys were investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that uniformly dispersed Al2Sm particles with size of ∼2 µm were discovered in the hot-extruded AZ61 magnesium alloy sample modified with 1.0 wt% Sm, which promoted dynamic recrystallization grain growth during the hot-extruded process, gradually increasing the grain of the alloy as Sm content increased. The morphology of the corroded surface and the corrosion rate of the hot-extruded AZ61 magnesium alloy both were significantly improved after Sm addition. The alloy sample modified with 2.0 wt% Sm after immersion in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution for 12 h showed minimum corrosion rate value, 3.1 mg/cm2 day, which is only 3.7% of the corrosion rate of unmodified alloy (82 mg/cm2 day).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

FIG. 1
FIG. 2
FIG. 3
FIG. 4
FIG. 5
FIG. 6
FIG. 7
FIG. 8
FIG. 9
FIG. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. M.L. Olguín-González, D. Hernández-Silva, M.A. García-Berna, and V.M. Sauce-Range: Hot deformation behavior of hot-rolled AZ31 and AZ61 magnesium alloys. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 82, 597 (2014).

    Google Scholar 

  2. L.R. Krishna, G. Poshal, A. Jyothirmayi, and G. Sundararajan: Relative hardness and corrosion behavior of micro arc oxidation coatings deposited on binary and ternary magnesium alloys. Mater. Des. 77, 6–14 (2015).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. A. Atrens, G.L. Song, M. Liu, Z. Shi, F. Cao, and M.S. Dargusch: Review of recent developments in the field of magnesium corrosion. Adv. Eng. Mater. 17, 400 (2015).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. A. Atrens, G.L. Song, F. Cao, Z. Shi, and P.K. Bowen: Advances in Mg corrosion and research suggestions. J. Magnesium Alloys 1, 177 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. S.M. Jo, K.C. Park, H.B. Kim, H. Kimura, S.K. Park, and Y.H. Park: Investigation on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Al-Yb alloys. Mater. Trans. 52, 1088 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. S. Ohhashi, K. Suzuki, A. Kato, and A.P. Tsai: Phase formation and stability of quasicrystal/α-Mg interfaces in the Mg-Cd-Yb system. Acta Mater. 68, 116 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Q.A. Li, X.F. Li, Q. Zhang, and J. Chen: Effect of rare-earth element Sm on the corrosion behavior of Mg-6Al-1.2Y-0.9Nd alloy. Rare Met. 6, 557 (2010).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. W.X. Huang and H. Yan: Preparation and theoretic study of semi-solid Al2Y/AZ91 magnesium matrix composites slurry by ultrasonic vibration source. J. Rare Earths 32, 573 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. J.L. Zhang, Y.L. Liu, J. Zhou, Z.Y. Feng, and S.B. Wang: Kinetic study on the corrosion behavior of AM60 magnesium alloy with different Nd contents. J. Alloys Compd. 629, 290 (2015).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. S. Sankaranarayanan, B. Carsten, M.N. Baoshu, L.E.W. Wai, S.G. Chwee, H. Norbert, and G. Manoj: Effect of erbium modification on the microstructure, mechanical and corrosion characteristics of binary Mg-Al alloys. J. Alloys Compd. 648, 759 (2015).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. X.M. Cui, P.C. Bai, X.H. Hou, W. Liu, and L.Y. Wang: Effect of erbium addition on microstructure and corrosion resistance of AZ91 magnesium alloy. Chin. Rare Earths 36, 110 (2015).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. R.L. Jia, M. Zhang, L.N. Zhang, W. Zhang, and F. Guo: Correlative change of corrosion behavior with the microstructure of AZ91 Mg alloy modified with Y additions. J. Alloys Compd. 634, 263 (2015).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. W.H. Jin, G.S. Guo, H.Q. Feng, W.H. Wang, X.M. Zhang, and P.K. Chu: Improvement of corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of rare-earth WE43 magnesium alloy by neodymium self-ion implantation. Corros. Sci. 94, 142 (2015).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. A.M. Zhang, H. Hao, X.T. Liu, and X.G. Zhang: Effects of precipitates on grain size and mechanical properties of AZ31-x%Nd magnesium alloy. J. Rare Earths 32, 451 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. W.J. Liu, F.H. Cao, L.R. Chang, Z. Zhang, and J.Q. Zhang: Effect of rare earth element Ce and La on corrosion behavior of AM60 magnesium alloy. Corros. Sci. 51, 1334 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. C.C. Jain and C.H. Koo: Creep and corrosion properties of the extruded magnesium alloy containing rare earth. Mater. Trans. 48, 265 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. D.G. Wu, S.H. Yan, Z.Q. Wang, Z.Q. Zhang, R.Y. Miao, X.W. Zhang, and D.H. Chen: Effect of samarium on microstructure and corrosion resistance of aged as-cast AZ92 magnesium alloy. J. Rare Earths 32, 663 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Z.H. Huang, W.J. Qi, J. Xu, and C. Cai: Microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg-Al-Sm series heat-resistant magnesium alloys. Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 25, 22 (2015).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. M. Sun, X.Y. Hu, L.M. Peng, P.H. Fu, and Y.H. Peng: Effects of Sm on the grain refinement, microstructures and mechanical properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 620, 89 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. C.L. Wang, J.C. Dai, W.C. Liu, L. Zhang, and G.H. Wu: Effect of Al additions on grain refinement and mechanical properties of Mg-Sm alloys. J. Alloys Compd. 620, 172 (2015).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. S.H. Hou and R.E. Napolitano: Modeling of thermodynamic properties and phase equilibria for the Al-Sm binary system. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 39, 502 (2008).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. C.P. Wang, H.L. Zhang, S.L. Wang, Z. Lin, X.J. Liu, A.T. Tang, and F.S. Pan: Thermodynamic assessments of the Mn-Sm and Mn-Ho systems. J. Alloys Compd. 481, 291 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. J. Kim and I.H. Jung: Critical systematic evaluation and thermodynamic optimization of the Mn-RE system: RE = La, Ce, Pr, Nd and Sm. J. Alloys Compd. 525, 191 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. H.T. Son, J.S. Lee, D.G. Kim, K. Yoshimi, and K. Maruyama: Microstructure and dynamic ultra-micro hardness of the as-cast and extruded Mg-Al-Ca-Sm alloys. Adv. Mater. Res. 24–25, 153 (2007).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. A. Saccone, G. Cacciamani, D. Maccio, G. Borzone, and R. Ferro: Contribution to the study of the alloys and intermetallic compounds of aluminium with the rare-earth metals. Intermetallics 6, 201 (1998).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. H.T. Son, J.S. Lee, and D.G. Kim: Effects of samarium (Sm) additions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast and hot-extruded Mg-5 wt%Al-3 wt%Ca-based alloys. J. Alloys Compd. 473, 446 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. J.L. Wang, L.D. Wang, Y.M. Wu, and L.M. Wang: Effects of samarium on microstructures and tensile properties of Mg-5Al-0.3Mn alloy. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 528, 4115 (2011).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. H.Y. Wu, J.C. Yang, J.H. Liao, and F.J. Zhu: Dynamic behavior of extruded AZ61 Mg alloy during hot compression. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 535, 68 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. T. Zhang, G.Z. Meng, Y.W. Shao, Z.Y. Cui, and F.H. Wang: Corrosion of hot extrusion AZ91 magnesium alloy. Part II: Effect of rare earth element neodymium (Nd) on the corrosion behavior of extruded alloy. Corros. Sci. 53, 2934 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. S.J. Zhu, Z.D. Liu, R.X. Qu, L.G. Wang, Q.K. Li, and S.K. Guan: Effect of rare earth and Mn elements on the corrosion behavior of extruded AZ61 system in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution and salt spray test. J. Magnesium Alloys 1, 249 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. K.J. Li, Q.A. Li, X.T. Jing, J. Chen, X.Y. Zhang, and Q. Zhang: Effects of Sm addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-6Al-0.6Zn alloy. Scr. Mater. 60, 1101 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. L. Blaz, T. Sakai, and J.J. Jonas: Effect of initial grain size on dynamic recrystallization of copper. Met. Sci. 17, 609 (1983).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. F.Y. Cao, Z.M. Shi, G.L. Song, M. Liu, and A. Atrens: Corrosion behaviour in salt spray and in 3.5% NaCl solution saturated with Mg(OH)2 of as-cast and solution heat-treated binary Mg-X alloys: X = Mn, Sn, Ca, Zn, Al, Zr, Si, Sr. Corros. Sci. 76, 60 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. J.X. Niu, Q.R. Chen, N.X. Xu, and Z.L. Wei: Effect of combinative addition of strontium and rare earth elements on corrosion resistance of AZ91D magnesium alloy. Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 18, 1058 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. J. Yang, D.Q. Yi, and S.H. Deng: Effect of trace Nd on microstructure and corrosion resistance of AZ91 magnesium alloy. J. Mater. Sci. Eng. 26. 251 (2008).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. W.J. Liu, F.H. Cao, A.N. Chen, L.R. Chang, J.Q. Zhang, and C.N. Cao: Corrosion behaviour of AM60 magnesium alloys containing Ce or La under thin electrolyte layers. Part 1: Microstructural characterization and electrochemical behavior. Corros. Sci. 52, 627 (2010).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51405216, 51165032), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province (20151BAB216018), Ministry of Education Tied up with the Special Research Fund for the Doctoral Program for Higher School (20133601110001), Training Program Foundation for Young Scientist of Jiangxi (20153BCB23023).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Advanced Forming, Department of Materials Processing Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China

    Zhi Hu, Xiao Li, Qun Hua, Hong Yan, Hong Xv Qiu, Xian Ming Ruan & Zheng Hua Li

Authors
  1. Zhi Hu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Xiao Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Qun Hua
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Hong Yan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Hong Xv Qiu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Xian Ming Ruan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Zheng Hua Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zhi Hu.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Hu, Z., Li, X., Hua, Q. et al. Effects of Sm on microstructure and corrosion resistance of hot-extruded AZ61 magnesium alloys. Journal of Materials Research 30, 3671–3681 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2015.345

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2015.345

Search

Navigation