Abstract
Lithium titanium oxide (Li4Ti5O12) spinels are promising negative electrode materials for application in energy technology. In this work, we have synthesized Li4Ti5O12 and investigated its structure, electronic properties, and electrochemical features using several analytical spectroscopy and microscopy techniques. The equally spaced lattice fringes obtained using by the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) along with electron diffraction reveal that the grown Li4Ti5O12 is well crystallized in the spinel structure without any indication of crystallographic defects such as dislocations or misfits. The electronic structure determination using high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) coupled with compositional studies using energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) indicate excellent chemical quality of the Li4Ti5O12. Under the optimal synthetic condition, the sample delivers a discharge capacity of 161 mAh/g at C/12. The good cyclability of Li4Ti5O12 is attributed to the small expansion (δV≈1%) of the elementary unit-cell.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
C. Julien. NATO Sci. Ser. 3–85, 1 (2000).
K. Zaghib, M. Armand, and M. Gauthier, J. Electrochem. Soc. 145, 3135 (998).
K.M. Colbow, J.R. Dahn, and R.R. Haering, J. Power Sources 26, 397 (1989).
E. Rossen, J.N. Reimers, and J.R. Dahn, Solid State Ionics 62, 53 (1993).
T. Ohzuku and A. Ueda, Solid State Ionics 69, 201 (1994).
T. Ohzuku, A. Ueda, and N. Yamamoto, J. Electrochem. Soc. 142, 1431 (1995).
S. Bach, J.P. Pereira-Ramos, and N. Baffier, J. Mater. Chem. 8, 251 (1998).
S. Bach, J.P. Pereira-Ramos, and N. Baffier, J. Power Sources 81–82, 273 (1999).
A.N. Jansen, A.J. Kahaian, K.D. Kepler, P.A. Nelson, K. Amine, D.W. Dees, D.R. Vissers, and M.M. Thackeray, J. Power Sources 81–82, 902 (1999).
S. Scharner, W. Weppner, and P. Schmid-Beurmann. J. Electrochem. Soc. 146, 857 (1999).
C.M. Julien and K. Zaghib, J. Power Sources 50, 411 (2004).
C.M. Julien, M. Massot, and K. Zaghib, J. Power Sources 136, 72 (2004).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ramana, C.V., Utsunomiya, S., Ewing, R.C. et al. Synthesis, Structure, and Electrochemical Properties of Li4Ti5O12. MRS Online Proceedings Library 973, 509 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1557/PROC-0973-BB05-09
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/PROC-0973-BB05-09