Abstract
A method for patterning biomolecules using electron beam (e-beam) lithography has been developed. A non-biofouling poly(ethylene glycol) terminated self-assembled monolayer (SAM) was ablated by e-beam to create patterns aligned with the pre-existing features on the wafer. Aldehyde-terminated polyamidoamine dendrimers were assembled in a layer-by-layer fashion in the ablated patterns to allow the covalent immobilization of oligonucleotide probes. The functionality of the attached oligonucleotides was demonstrated by the hybridization of fluorescently labeled complementary target oligonucleotides. The hybridized target oligonucleotides could be stripped and the regenerated surface bound probe oligonucleotides could be rehybridized with complementary target oligonucleotide.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
O. E. Beske and S. Goldbard, Drug Discovery Today 7 (18), S131 (2002).
J. Piehler, Current Opinion in Structural Biology 15 (1), 4 (2005).
K. Ramanathan, M. A. Bangar, M. Yun et al., Journal of the American Chemical Society 127 (2), 496 (2005).
B. Schmidt, V. Almeida, C. Manolatou et al., Applied Physics Letters 85 (21), 4854 (2004).
Y. Cui, Q. Q. Wei, H. K. Park et al., Science 293 (5533), 1289 (2001); W. U. Wang, C. Chen, K. H. Lin et al., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 102 (9), 3208 (2005).
H. M. Cui, M. Cruz-Correa, F. M. Giardiello et al., Science 299 (5613), 1753 (2003).
M. F. Clarke, Nature 432 (7015), 281 (2004); S. K. Singh, C. Hawkins, I. D. Clarke et al., Nature 432 (7015), 396 (2004); S. Takayama, E. Ostuni, P. LeDuc et al., Nature 411 (6841), 1016 (2001); C. S. Chen, M. Mrksich, S. Huang et al., Science 276 (5317), 1425 (1997); S Raghavan and C. S. Chen, Advanced Materials 16 (15), 1303 (2004); A. Folch and M. Toner, Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering 2, 227 (2000); B. Vogelstein and K. W. Kinzler, Nature Medicine 10 (8), 789 (2004); M. Ferrari, Nature Reviews Cancer 5 (3), 161 (2005).
W.H. Koch, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 3 (9), 749 (2004); D. Sidransky, Nature Reviews Cancer 2 (3), 210 (2002).
D. A. Markov, K. Swinney, and D. J. Bornhop, Journal of the American Chemical Society 126 (50), 16659 (2004).
Parijat Bhatnagar, Sonny S. Mark, Il Kim et al., Advanced Materials 18 (3), 315 (2006).
D. Stamou, C. Musil, W. P. Ulrich et al., Langmuir 20 (9), 3495 (2004).
Y. N. Xia and G. M. Whitesides, Annual Review of Materials Science 28, 153 (1998); G. M. Whitesides, E. Ostuni, S. Takayama et al., Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering 3, 335 (2001); J. C. McDonald and G. M. Whitesides, Accounts of Chemical Research 35 (7), 491 (2002).
M. Tormen, T. Borzenko, B. Steffen et al., Applied Physics Letters 81 (11), 2094 (2002).
B. Ilic and H. G. Craighead, Biomedical Microdevices 2 (4), 317 (2000).
M. Veiseh, M. H. Zareie, and M. Q. Zhang, Langmuir 18 (17), 6671 (2002).
K. B. Lee, S. J. Park, C. A. Mirkin et al., Science 295 (5560), 1702 (2002); S. Kramer, R. R. Fuierer, and C. B. Gorman, Chemical Reviews 103 (11), 4367 (2003); D. J. Pena, M. P. Raphael, and J. M. Byers, Langmuir 19 (21), 9028 (2003); J. H. Lim, D. S. Ginger, K. B. Lee et al., Angewandte Chemie-International Edition 42 (20), 2309 (2003); L. M. Demers, D. S. Ginger, S. J. Park et al., Science 296 (5574), 1836 (2002).
K. Wadu-Mesthrige, N. A. Amro, J. C. Garno et al., Biophysical Journal 80 (4), 1891 (2001); K. Wadu-Mesthrige, S. Xu, N. A. Amro et al., Langmuir 15 (25), 8580 (1999).
R. Benter, C. M. Niemeyer, and D. Wohrle, Chembiochem 2 (9), 686 (2001); S. Pathak, A. K. Singh, J. R. McElhanon et al., Langmuir 20 (15), 6075 (2004); P. Angenendt, J. Glokler, J. Sobek et al., Journal of Chromatography A 1009 (1–2), 97 (2003); E. Trevisiol, V. Le Berre-Anton, J. Leclaire et al., New Journal of Chemistry 27 (12), 1713 (2003).
D. A. Tomalia, A. M. Naylor, and W. A. Goddard, Angewandte Chemie-International Edition in English 29 (2), 138 (1990).
R. J. Marsh, R. A. L. Jones, and M. Sferrazza, Colloids and Surfaces B-Biointerfaces 23 (1), 31 (2002).
J. Duchet, B. Chabert, J. P. Chapel et al., Langmuir 13 (8), 2271 (1997); J. Duchet, J. F. Gerard, J. P. Chapel et al., Composite Interfaces 8 (3–4), 177 (2001).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bhatnagar, P., Mark, S.S., Kim, I. et al. Electron-Beam Directed Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Dendrimer Scaffold for Biomolecule Patterning. MRS Online Proceedings Library 921, 408 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1557/PROC-0921-T04-08
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/PROC-0921-T04-08