Abstract
We wrote two computer programs, 3D and BUMP, to interpret transmission electron microscope (TEM) micrographs made during a study of the initial stage sintering of ultrafine alumina particles (UFP’s, 20–50 nm in diameter). The first simulated the 3D geometric relationships of particles, from which we concluded that surface diffusion was the predominant sintering mechanism because no shrinkage occurred. BUMP simulated random contact of two particles and showed that the particle chains that formed before sintering were not formed purely by chance. Instead the particles experienced a rearrangement process (rotation and sliding) which reduced the total surface energy.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
G. C. Kuczynski, Trans. Am. Inst. Min. (Metall.) Eng. 185, 169 (1949).
C. Herring, in The Physics of Powder Metallurgy, edited by W. E. Kingston (McGraw-Hill Book Co. Inc., Reading, MA, 1951), Chap. 8, p. 143.
C. Herring, in Structure and Properties of Solid Surfaces, edited by R. Gomer and C. S. Smith (University of Chicago, Chicago, 1953), Chap. I, p. 5.
W. D. Kingery and M. Berg, J. Appl. Phys. 26, 1205 (1955).
W. W. Mullins, J. Appl. Phys. 28, 333 (1957).
R. L. Coble, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 41, 55 (1958).
R. L. Coble, J. Appl. Phys. 32, 787 (1961).
R. L. Coble, J. Appl. Phys. 32, 793 (1961).
R. L. Coble, J. Appl. Phys. 41, 4798 (1970).
A. E. Paladino and R. L. Coble, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 46, 133 (1963).
F. A. Nichols and W. W. Mullin, J. Appl. Phys. 36, 1826 (1965).
F. A. Nichols, J. Appl. Phys. 37, 2805 (1966).
R. L. Coble and T. K. Gupta, in Sintering and Related Phenomena, edited by G. C. Kuczynski, N. A. Hooten, and C. F. Gibbon (1967), p. 423.
D. L. Johnson, J. Appl. Phys. 40, 192 (1969).
D. L. Johnson, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 53, 574 (1970).
R. L. Coble and R. M. Cannon, Mater. Sci. Res. 11, 151 (1978).
W. S. Coblenz, J. M. Dynys, R. M. Cannon, and R. L. Coble, in Sintering Processes, edited by G. C. Kuczynski (Materials Science Research 13, Plenum Press, New York, 1980), p. 141.
J. E. Bonevich, Ph.D. dissertation, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL (1991).
J. E. Bonevich, M. H. Teng, D. L. Johnson, and L. D. Marks, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 62, 3061 (1991).
M. H. Teng, Ph.D. dissertation, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL (1992).
J. E. Bonevich and L. D. Marks, J. Mater. Res. 7, 1489 (1992).
M. H. Teng, J. E. Bonevich, L. D. Marks, and D. L. Johnson, unpublished.
S. Iijima, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 23, L347 (1984).
S. Iijima, J. Elec. Micro. 34, 249 (1985).
C. E. Warble, J. Mater. Sci. 20, 2512 (1985).
T. Hirayama, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 70, C122 (1987).
J. E. Bonevich, in Proceedings of the 47th Annual Meeting of the Electron Microscopy Society of America, edited by G. W. Bailey (San Francisco Press, San Francisco, CA, 1989), p. 258.
C. Kaito, K. Fujita, H. Shibahara, and M. Shiojiri, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 16, 697 (1977).
J. W. Gibbs, The Collected Works, Vol. 1, Thermodynamics (Longmans, New York, 1931), p. 320.
P. Curie, Bull. Soc. Mineral. Fr. 8, 145 (1885).
G. Wulff, Z. Kristallogr. 34, 449 (1901).
C. Herring, Phys. Rev. 82, 87 (1951).
K. Kimoto, Y. Kamiya, M. Nonoyama, and R. Uyeda, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 2, 702 (1963).
A. R. Thölén, Acta Metall. 27, 1765 (1979).
A. R. Thölén, Physica Scripta 37, 231 (1988).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Teng, M.H., Marks, L.D. & Johnson, D.L. Computer simulations of interactions between ultrafine alumina particles produced by an arc discharge. Journal of Materials Research 12, 235–243 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.1997.0031
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.1997.0031