Abstract
A new sol-gel method for the preparation of ZnO varistor powders, using inexpensive source materials such as acetates and nitrates, is described. It yields powders with a more homogeneous distribution of dopants compared to the commercially used mixed oxide technique. Varistor ceramics made from sol-gel powders can be sintered at lower temperatures and show improved electrical behavior. This is a consequence of formation of more varistor-active grain boundaries within the ceramics.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.
References
- 1.
Μ. Matsuoka, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 10, 736 (1971).
- 2.
R. Einzinger, Ber. Dt. Keram. Ges. 52, 244 (1975).
- 3.
J. T. C. van Kemenade and R. K. Eijnthoven, J. Appl. Phys. 50, 938 (1979).
- 4.
G. D. Mahan, L. M. Levinson, and H. R. Philipp, J. Appl. Phys. 50, 2799 (1979).
- 5.
U. Schwing and B. Hoffmann, J. Appl. Phys. 57, 5372 (1985).
- 6.
R. Einzinger, Ann. Rev. Mater. Sci. 17, 299 (1987).
- 7.
F. Greuter and G. Blatter, Semicond. Sci. Technol. 5, 111 (1990).
- 8.
P. Strassacker, A Defect Chemical Model for ZnO Varistors (VDI-Verlag, Düsseldorf, Germany, 1987).
- 9.
M. Tao, Bui Ai, O. Dorlanne, and A. Loubiere, J. Appl. Phys. 61, 1562 (1987).
- 10.
R. J. Lauf and W. D. Bond, Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. 63, 665 (1986).
- 11.
E. Sonder, Τ. C. Quinby, and D. L. Kinser, Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. 65, 665 (1986).
- 12.
R. G. Dosh, Science of Chemical Processing, edited by L. L. Hench (John Wiley & Sons, New York, Chichester, Brisbane, Toronto, Singapore, 1986), pp. 311–319.
- 13.
K. Seitz and E. Ivers-Tiffeé, Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. 66, 1384 (1987).
- 14.
S. Hashita, Y. Yao, and S. Shirasaki, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 72, 338 (1989).
- 15.
M. Kuntz, G. Bauer, and I. Grobelsek, German Patent Office, Patentschrift DE 3916643C1 (1991).
- 16.
R. Ebert, T. Taube, and G. Hohenberger, Capacitors and Resistors Technology Symposium (CARTS-Europe), Bordeaux (1990).
Author information
Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hohenberger, G., Tomandl, G. Sol-gel processing of varistor powders. Journal of Materials Research 7, 54 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.1992.0546
Received:
Accepted:
Published: