Abstract
Coprogen production of Neurospora crassa was dependent on glucose, aspartate and iron contents as well as on initial pH of the culture media. Surplus iron and acidic pH hindered the production of coprogen as well as the transcription of the sid1 gene (NCU07117) encoding putative L-ornithine-N5-monooxygenase, the first enzyme in the coprogen biosynthetic pathway. High glucose (40 g/l) and aspartate (21 g/l) concentrations were beneficial for coprogen synthesis, but neither glucose nor aspartate affected the sid1 transcription. Moreover, efficient coprogen production was observed after glucose had been consumed, which suggested that N. crassa accumulated iron even in non-growing, carbon-starving cultures.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Balla, J., Vercelotti, G. M., Jeney, V., Yachie, A., Varga, Z., Eaton, J. W., Balla, G. (2005) Heme, heme oxygenase and ferritin. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 49, 1030–1043.
Charlang, G., Ng, B., Horowitz, N. H., Horowitz, R. M. (1981) Cellular and extracellular siderophores of Aspergillus nidulans and Penicillium chrysogenum. Mol. Cell Biol. 1, 94–100.
Enyedy, É. A., Pócsi, I., Farkas, E. (2004) Complexation of desferricoprogen with trivalent Fe, A., Ga, In and divalent Fe, N., Cu, Zn metal ions: effects of the linking chain structure on the metal binding ability of hydroxamate based siderophores. J. Inorg. Biochem. 98, 1957–1966.
Haas, H. (2003) Molecular genetics of fungal siderophore biosynthesis and uptake: the role of siderophores in iron uptake and storage. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 62, 316–330.
Hof, C., Eisfeld, K., Welzel, K., Antelo, L., Foster, A. J., Anke, H. (2007) Ferricrocin synthesis in Magnaporthe grisea and its role in pathogenicity in rice. Mol. Plant. Pathol. 8, 163–172.
Hördt, W., Römheld, V., Winkelmann, G. (2000) Fusarinines and dimerum acid, mono- and dihydroxamate siderophores from Penicillium chrysogenum, improve iron utilization by strategy I and strategy II plants. BioMetals 13, 37–47.
Horowitz, N. H., Charlang, G., Horn, G., Williams, N. P. (1976) Isolation and identification of the conidial germination factor of Neurospora crassa. J. Bacteriol. 127, 135–140.
Howard, D. H. (1999) Acquisition, transport, and storage of iron by pathogenic fungi. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 12, 394–404.
Huschka, H., Naegeli, H. U., Leuenberger-Ryf, H., Keller-Schierlein, W., Winkelmann, G. (1985) Evidence for a common siderophore transport system but different siderophore receptors in Neurospora crassa. J. Bacteriol. 162, 715–721.
John, S. G., Ruggiero, C. E., Hersman, L. E., Tung, C. S., Neu, M. P. (2001) Siderophore mediated plutonium accumulation by Microbacterium flavescens (JG-9). Environ. Sci. Technol. 35, 2942–2948.
Konetschny-Rapp, S., Huschka, H. G., Winkelmann, G., Jung, G. (1988) High-performance liquid chromatography of siderophores from fungi. Biol. Met. 1, 9–17.
Leary, N. O., Pembroke, A., Duggan, P. F. (1992) Improving accuracy of glucose oxidase procedure for glucose determinations on discrete analyzers. Clin. Chem. 38, 298–302.
Lee, S. L., Chen, W. C. (1997) Optimization of medium composition for the production of glucosyltransferase by Aspergillus niger with response surface methodology. Enzyme Microbiol. Technol. 21, 436–440.
Matzanke, B. F., Bill, E., Trautwein, A. X., Winkelmann, G. (1988) Ferricrocin functions as the main intracellular iron-storage compound in mycelia of Neurospora crassa. Biol. Metals 1, 18–25.
Pócsi, I., Jeney, V., Kertai, P., Pócsi, I., Emri, T., Gyémánt, Gy., Fésüs, L., Balla, J., Balla, Gy. (2008) Fungal siderophores function as protective agents of LDL oxidation and are promising anti-atherosclerotic metabolites in functional food. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 52, 1434–1447.
Richardson, D. R. (2002) Iron chelators as therapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer. Crit. Rev. Oncol/Hematol. 42, 267–281.
Skromne, I., Sanchez, O., Aguierre, J. (1995) Starvation stress modulates the expression of the Aspergillus nidulans brlA regulatory gene. Microbiology 141, 21–28.
Acknowledgements
This project was supported financially by the Hungarian National Office for Research and Technology (grant reference number OMFB 01501/2006), the GENOMNANOTECH-DEBRET (RET-06/2004) and by the SOLE-MEAT Ltd., Szolnok, Hungary.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
About this article
Cite this article
Tóth, V., Antal, K., Gyémánt, G. et al. Optimization of Coprogen Production in Neurospora crassa. BIOLOGIA FUTURA 60, 321–328 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1556/ABiol.60.2009.3.9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1556/ABiol.60.2009.3.9