Abstract
In this study, it was aimed to use micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) to concentrate and separate neutral steroids (Δ4-androstene-3,17-dione, testosterone, progesterone, and testosterone propionate). It was aimed to study the impact of background solution (BGS) parameters on MEKC concentration and separation. These included sodium dodecylsulfate concentration, buffer concentration, pH, and the presence of organic solvent. Salt contents of the sample matrix and the operation conditions of the capillary electrophoresis system, i.e., voltage and temperature, have also been investigated. The addition of thiol-capped Au nanoparticles (NPs) to the BGS and how this affected the concentration and separation of the steroids was investigated. It was found that the migration time window of the steroids widened upon the increased concentration of these NPs present in the BGS. All of the tested steroids were separated well, showing limits of detection values ranging from 11.8 to 16.4 μg L−1.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ravelo-Perez LM, Hernandez-Borges J, Cifuentes A, Rodriguez-Delgado MA (2007) Electrophoresis 28:1805–1814. doi:10.1002/elps.200600526
Kartsova LA, Bessonova EA (2007) J Anal Chem 62:68–75. doi:10.1134/S1061934807010145
Terabe S, Otsuka K, Ichikawa K, Tsuchiya A, Ando T (1984) Anal Chem 56:111–113. doi:10.1021/ac00265a031
Turiel E, Fernandez P, Perez-Conde C, Camara C (2000) Analyst 125:1725–1731. doi:10.1039/B004769O
Quirino JP, Terabe S (1997) J Chromatogr A 781:119–128. doi:10.1016/S0021-9673(97)00498-6
Quirino JP, Terabe S (1997) J Chromatogr A 791:255–267. doi:10.1016/S0021-9673(97)00796-6
Quirino JP, Terabe S (1998) Anal Chem 70:149–157. doi:10.1021/ac9706281
Quirino JP, Terabe S (1999) Anal Chem 71:1638–1644. doi:10.1021/ac9810866
Quirino JP, Terabe S (1999) J Chromatogr A 856:465–482. doi:10.1016/S0021-9673(99)00836-5
Kim JB, Otsuka K, Terabe S (2001) J Chromatogr A 932:129–137. doi:10.1016/S0021-9673(01)01246-8
Quirino J, Terabe S (1998) Science 282:465–468. doi:10.1126/science.282.5388.465
Liu FK (2008) J Chromatogr A 1215:194–202. doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2008.10.118
Simpson SL, Quirino JP, Terabe S (2008) J Chromatogr A 1184:504–541. doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2007.11.001
Neiman B, Grushka E, Lev O (2001) Anal Chem 73:5220–5227. doi:10.1021/ac0104375
Pumera M, Wang J, Grushka E, Polsky R (2001) Anal Chem 73:5625–5628. doi:10.1021/ac015589e
Liu FK (2007) Chromatographia 66:791–796. doi:10.1365/s10337-007-0412-6
Xu SP, Ji XH, Xu WQ, Li XL, Wang LY, Bai YB, Zhao B, Ozaki Y (2004) Analyst 129:63–68. doi:10.1039/B313094K
Palmer J, Nicole JP, Munro J, Landers JP (1999) Anal Chem 71:1679–1687. doi:10.1021/ac981302a
Oztekin N, Baskan S, Erim FB (2007) J Chromatogr B 850:488–492. doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.12.025
Tripodi VP, Lucangioli SE, Barbara CL, Rodriguez VG, Carducci CN (2001) Chromatographia 54:93–98. doi:10.1007/BF02491840
Liu FK (2009) J Chromatogr A 1216:2554–2559. doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2009.01.004
Mahuzier PE, Clark BJ, Bryant SM, Altria KD (2001) Electrophoresis 22:3819–3823. doi:10.1002/1522-2683(200109)
Zukowski J, De Biasi V, Berthod A (2002) J Chromatogr A 948:331–342. doi:10.1016/S0021-9673(01)01473-X
Pan JY, Zhang S, Yan LS, Tai JD, Xiao Q, Zou K, Zhou Y, Wu J (2008) J Chromatogr A 1185:117–129. doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2008.01.049
Kong DZ, Yuan ZF, Zhang XW, Sheng XN, Wang N, Xing SS, Du YM, Zhang LT (2009) Chromatographia 70:1743–1748. doi:10.1365/s10337-009-1384-5
Liu FK, Hsu YT, Wu CH (2005) J Chromatogr A 1083:205–214. doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2005.06.035
Puig P, Borrull F, Aguilar C, Calull M (2006) J Chromatogr B 831:196–204. doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.12.004
Chang LC, Chiu TC, Lee SS, Kuo CH, Chang TC (2008) J Chin Chem Soc 55:594–605
Altria KD, Clark BJ, Mahuzier PE (2000) Chromatographia 52:758–768. doi:10.1007/BF02491002
Marsh A, Clark BJ, Broderick MF, Power J, Donegan S, Altria KD (2004) Electrophoresis 25:3970–3980. doi:10.1002/elps.200406112
Yang YZ, Boysen RI, Hearn MTW (2004) J Chromatogr A 1043:81–89. doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2004.04.046
Rush RS, Cohen AS, Karger BL (1991) Anal Chem 63:1346–1350. doi:10.1021/ac00014a002
Heiger D (2000) High performance capillary electrophoresis—an introduction, Agilent Technologies, Germany
Raj V, Sreenivasan K (2010) Anal Chim Acta 662:186–192. doi:10.1016/j.aca.2010.01.007
Aslan K, Perez-Luna VH (2002) Langmuir 18:6059–6065. doi:10.1021/la025795x
Kolb S, Kutter JP, Welsch T (1997) J Chromatogr A 792:151–156. doi:10.1016/S0021-9673(97)00725-5
Harris DC (2007) Quantitative chemical analysis, 7th edn., W.H. Freeman, New York
Skoog DA, West DM, Holler FJ, Crouch SR (2004) Fundamentals of analytical chemistry, 8th edn., Brooks/Cole, CA
Han F, He YZ, Yu CZ (2008) Talanta 74:1371–1377. doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2007.09.007
Shen HJ, Lin CH (2006) Electrophoresis 27:1255–1262. doi:10.1002/elps.200500659
Acknowledgments
This study was supported financially by the National Science Council, Taiwan (NSC 97-2113-M-390-004 MY3).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Liu, FK., Chang, YC. Using Thiol-Capped Gold Nanoparticles in the Background Solution of MEKC to Concentrate and Separate Neutral Steroids. Chroma 72, 1129–1135 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1365/s10337-010-1785-5
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1365/s10337-010-1785-5