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Preceding Systemic Chemotherapy for Patients with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma with Positive Peritoneal Cytology Provides Survival Benefit Compared with Up-Front Surgery

  • Pancreatic Tumors
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Annals of Surgical Oncology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background

The significance of surgical resection in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) with positive peritoneal cytology (PPC) is controversial. This study aimed to evaluate whether preceding chemotherapy could be beneficial for patients with PDAC with PPC.

Methods

Between 2017 and 2019, 34 consecutive PDAC patients diagnosed with PPC without distant metastasis were retrospectively reviewed. Twenty-three patients did not receive neoadjuvant treatment (NAT) and 11 received NAT. All patients received systemic chemotherapy after PPC was confirmed, and they underwent surgical resection if PPC turned negative. The treatment course, ratio of conversion surgery (CS), and prognosis were evaluated. Moreover, the prognosis of PPC patients who underwent up-front surgery without NAT between 2003 and 2016 was analyzed as a comparative cohort.

Results

The median survival time (MST) of the patients without NAT was 31.4 months. CS was performed in 52.2% of the patients. Patients who underwent CS had better prognoses than those who did not undergo CS (p = 0.005). The CS rate was significantly higher in resectable PDAC (78.5%) than in borderline/unresectable PDAC (11.1%) (p = 0.002). The prognosis of patients with resectable PDAC was improved with preceding chemotherapy compared with up-front surgery (MST 13.0 months; p = 0.016). After NAT, the CS rate was low (27.3%), and the MST was only 14.1 months.

Conclusions

As an initial treatment for PDAC patients with PPC, chemotherapy may lead to a favorable prognosis. Especially, resectable PDAC is associated with a greater chance of improved prognosis. Future studies are required to ascertain whether up-front surgery or preceding chemotherapy should be performed for these patients.

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Acknowledgment

This study was supported by a Grant from the Pancreas Research Foundation of Japan.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan

    Kyohei Ariake MD, Masamichi Mizuma MD, Shimpei Maeda MD, Takanori Morikawa MD, Masaharu Ishida MD, Hideo Ohtsuka MD, Shuichi Aoki MD, Takayuki Miura MD, Tatsuyuki Takadate MD, Kei Nakagawa MD, Takashi Kamei MD & Michiaki Unno MD

  2. Department of Surgery I, Yamagata University Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata, Japan

    Fuyuhio Motoi MD

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  1. Kyohei Ariake MD
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  2. Masamichi Mizuma MD
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  3. Fuyuhio Motoi MD
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  13. Michiaki Unno MD
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Correspondence to Kyohei Ariake MD.

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Disclosure

Fuyuhiko Motoi—received research funding from Taiho pharm and Chugai Pharm. Michiaki Unno—Taiho, Takeda, Chugai, Yakult, Asahi Kasei.

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Ariake, K., Mizuma, M., Motoi, F. et al. Preceding Systemic Chemotherapy for Patients with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma with Positive Peritoneal Cytology Provides Survival Benefit Compared with Up-Front Surgery. Ann Surg Oncol 28, 6246–6254 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-021-09718-0

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