Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Oral Bioavailability Improvement of Tailored Rosuvastatin Loaded Niosomal Nanocarriers to Manage Ischemic Heart Disease: Optimization, Ex Vivo and In Vivo Studies

  • Research Article
  • Published:
AAPS PharmSciTech Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This article was retracted on 11 July 2022

This article has been updated

Abstract

Rosuvastatin is an efficient antihyperlipidemic agent; however, being a BCS class II molecule, it shows poor oral bioavailability of < 20%. The present study focused on the improvement of oral bioavailability of rosuvastatin using tailored niosomes. The niosomes were prepared by film hydration method and sonication using cholesterol and Span 40. The Box-Behnken design (BBD) was applied to optimize the size (98 nm) and the entrapment efficacy (77%) of the niosomes by selecting cholesterol at 122 mg, Span 40 at 0.52%, and hydration time at 29.88 min. The transmission electron microscopy image showed spherical shape niosomes with smooth surface without aggregation. The ex vivo intestinal permeability studies showed significant improvement in the rosuvastatin permeation (95.5% after 2 h) using niosomes in comparison to the rosuvastatin suspension (40.1% after 2 h). The in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters in the rat model confirmed the improvement in the oral bioavailability with optimized rosuvastatin loaded niosomes (relative bioavailability = 2.01) in comparison to the rosuvastatin suspension, due to high surface area of niosomes and its lymphatic uptake via transcellular route. In conclusion, the optimized rosuvastatin loaded niosomes offers a promising approach to improve the oral bioavailability of rosuvastatin.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Availability

The raw data are available on request to the corresponding author.

Change history

References

  1. Awad HH, Anderson FA Jr, Gore JM, Goodman SG, Goldberg RJ. Cardiogenic shock complicating acute coronary syndromes: insights from the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events. Am Heart J. 2012;163(6):963–71.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. J.A. Ambrose, M. Singh, Pathophysiology of coronary artery disease leading to acute coronary syndromes, Fprime reports 7 (2015).

  3. Turpie AG. Burden of disease: medical and economic impact of acute coronary syndromes. Am J Manag Care. 2006;12(16):S430.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Jackevicius CA, Mamdani M, Tu JV. Adherence with statin therapy in elderly patients with and without acute coronary syndromes. Jama. 2002;288(4):462–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Heeschen C, Hamm CW, Laufs U, Snapinn S, Böhm M, White HD. Withdrawal of statins increases event rates in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Circulation. 2002;105(12):1446–52.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Martin PD, Warwick MJ, Dane AL, Brindley C, Short T. Absolute oral bioavailability of rosuvastatin in healthy white adult male volunteers. Clin Ther. 2003;25(10):2553–63.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Martin PD, Warwick MJ, Dane AL, Hill SJ, Giles PB, Phillips PJ, et al. Metabolism, excretion, and pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin in healthy adult male volunteers. Clin Ther. 2003;25(11):2822–35.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Kostapanos MS, Milionis HJ, Elisaf MS. Rosuvastatin-associated adverse effects and drug-drug interactions in the clinical setting of dyslipidemia. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs. 2010;10(1):11–28.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Agouridis A, Tsimihodimos V, Filippatos T, Tselepis A, Elisaf M. High doses of rosuvastatin are superior to low doses of rosuvastatin plus fenofibrate or n-3 fatty acids in mixed dyslipidemia. Lipids. 2011;46(6):521–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Shilakari Asthana G, Sharma PK, Asthana A. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of niosomal formulation for controlled delivery of clarithromycin. Scientifica. 2016;2016:1–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Zarkesh K, Khazaeli P, Pardakhty A, Rezaifar M. Preparation and physicochemical characterization of topical niosomal formulation of minoxidil and tretinoin. Global J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2017;3(2):21–6.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Kazi KM, Mandal AS, Biswas N, Guha A, Chatterjee S, Behera M, et al. Niosome: a future of targeted drug delivery systems. J Adv Pharm Tech Res. 2010;1(4):374.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Wang G, Wang J, Wu W, S.S. Tony To, Zhao H, Wang J. Advances in lipid-based drug delivery: enhancing efficiency for hydrophobic drugs. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2015;12(9):1475–99.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Khan R, Irchhaiya R. Niosomes: a potential tool for novel drug delivery. J Pharm Investig. 2016;46(3):195–204.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Madhav S, Gupta D. A review on microemulsion based system. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2011;2(8):1888.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Constantinides PP. Lipid microemulsions for improving drug dissolution and oral absorption: physical and biopharmaceutical aspects. Pharm Res. 1995;12(11):1561–72.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Muzaffar F, Singh U, Chauhan L. Review on microemulsion as futuristic drug delivery. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2013;5(3):39–53.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Gabr MM, Mortada SM, Sallam MA. Carboxylate cross-linked cyclodextrin: a nanoporous scaffold for enhancement of rosuvastatin oral bioavailability. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2018;111:1–12.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Balakumar K, Raghavan CV, Abdu S. Self nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) of rosuvastatin calcium: design, formulation, bioavailability and pharmacokinetic evaluation. Colloids Surf B: Biointerfaces. 2013;112:337–43.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Kamel AO, Mahmoud AA. Enhancement of human oral bioavailability and in vitro antitumor activity of rosuvastatin via spray dried self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system. J Biomed Nanotechnol. 2013;9(1):26–39.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Abo Enin HA. Self-nanoemulsifying drug-delivery system for improved oral bioavailability of rosuvastatin using natural oil antihyperlipdemic. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2015;41(7):1047–56.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Gadad AP, Tigadi SG, Dandagi PM, Mastiholimath VS, Bolmal UB. Rosuvastatin loaded nanostructured lipid carrier: For enhancement of oral bioavailability. Indian J Pharm Educ Res. 2016;50(4):605–11.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Alshora DH, Ibrahim MA, Elzayat E, Almeanazel OT, Alanazi F. Rosuvastatin calcium nanoparticles: improving bioavailability by formulation and stabilization codesign. PLoS One. 2018;13(7):e0200218.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. Gabr MM, Mortada SM, Sallam MA. Hexagonal liquid crystalline nanodispersions proven superiority for enhanced oral delivery of rosuvastatin: in vitro characterization and in vivo pharmacokinetic study. J Pharm Sci. 2017;106(10):3103–12.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Hirpara MR, Manikkath J, Sivakumar K, Managuli RS, Gourishetti K, Krishnadas N, et al. Long circulating PEGylated-chitosan nanoparticles of rosuvastatin calcium: development and in vitro and in vivo evaluations. Int J Biol Macromol. 2018;107:2190–200.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Sinico C, Fadda AM. Vesicular carriers for dermal drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2009;6(8):813–25.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Lohani A, Verma A. Vesicles: potential nano carriers for the delivery of skin cosmetics. J Cosmet Laser Ther. 2017;19(8):485–93.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Castro GA, Ferreira LA. Novel vesicular and particulate drug delivery systems for topical treatment of acne. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2008;5(6):665–79.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Hamishehkar H, Rahimpour Y, Kouhsoltani M. Niosomes as a propitious carrier for topical drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2013;10(2):261–72.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Mahale N, Thakkar P, Mali R, Walunj D, Chaudhari S. Niosomes: novel sustained release nonionic stable vesicular systems—an overview. Adv Colloid Interf Sci. 2012;183:46–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Moghassemi S, Hadjizadeh A. Nano-niosomes as nanoscale drug delivery systems: an illustrated review. J Control Release. 2014;185:22–36.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Schreier H, Bouwstra J. Liposomes and niosomes as topical drug carriers: dermal and transdermal drug delivery. J Control Release. 1994;30(1):1–15.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Schroeter A, Engelbrecht T, Neubert RH, Goebel AS. New nanosized technologies for dermal and transdermal drug delivery. A review. J Biomed Nanotechnol. 2010;6(5):511–28.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Ibrahim MM, Nair AB, Aldhubiab BE, Shehata TM. Hydrogels and their combination with liposomes, niosomes, or transfersomes for dermal and transdermal drug delivery. Liposomes. 2017;155.

  35. Salih OS, Samein LH, Ali WK. Formulation and in vitro evaluation of rosuvastatin calcium niosomes. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2013;5(4):525–35.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Rezaeiroshan A, Saeedi M, Morteza-Semnani K, Akbari J, Gahsemi M, Nokhodchi A. Development of trans-Ferulic acid niosome: an optimization and an in-vivo study. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2020;59:101854.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Tabbakhian M, Tavakoli N, Jaafari MR, Daneshamouz S. Enhancement of follicular delivery of finasteride by liposomes and niosomes: 1. In vitro permeation and in vivo deposition studies using hamster flank and ear models. Int J Pharm. 2006;323(1-2):1–10.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Balakrishnan P, Shanmugam S, Lee WS, Lee WM, Kim JO, Oh DH, et al. Formulation and in vitro assessment of minoxidil niosomes for enhanced skin delivery. Int J Pharm. 2009;377(1-2):1–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Manca ML, Manconi M, Nacher A, Carbone C, Valenti D, Maccioni AM, et al. Development of novel diolein–niosomes for cutaneous delivery of tretinoin: Influence of formulation and in vitro assessment. Int J Pharm. 2014;477(1-2):176–86.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Yeo LK, Chaw CS, Elkordy AA. The effects of hydration parameters and co-surfactants on methylene blue-loaded niosomes prepared by the thin film hydration method. Pharmaceuticals. 2019;12(2):46–56.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  41. Maulvi FA, Parmar RJ, Desai AR, Desai DM, Shukla MR, Ranch KM, et al. Tailored gatifloxacin Pluronic® F-68-loaded contact lens: addressing the issue of transmittance and swelling. Int J Pharm. 2020;119279.

  42. Ferreira SC, Bruns R, Ferreira H, Matos G, David J, Brandao G, et al. Box-Behnken design: an alternative for the optimization of analytical methods. Anal Chim Acta. 2007;597(2):179–86.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. S. Bhaskaran, P. Lakshmi, Comparative evaluation of niosome formulations prepared by different techniques, Acta Pharm, aceutica Sciencia 32 (2009).

    Google Scholar 

  44. Girigoswami A, Das S, De S. Fluorescence and dynamic light scattering studies of niosomes-membrane mimetic systems. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular Biomolecular Spectroscopy. 2006;64(4):859–66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Kumar TR, Shitut NR, Kumar PK, Vinu MC, Kumar VVP, Mullangi R, et al. Determination of rosuvastatin in rat plasma by HPLC: validation and its application to pharmacokinetic studies. Biomed Chromatogr. 2006;20(9):881–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Kaila H, Ambasana M, Thakkar R, Saravaia H, Shah A. A new improved RP-HPLC method for assay of rosuvastatin calcium in tablets. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2010;72(5):592–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  47. Pandey SS, Maulvi FA, Patel PS, Shukla MR, Shah KM, Gupta AR, et al. Cyclosporine laden tailored microemulsion-gel depot for effective treatment of psoriasis: in vitro and in vivo studies. Colloids Surf B: Biointerfaces. 2020;186:110681.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Maulvi FA, Pillai LV, Patel KP, Desai AR, Shukla MR, Desai DT, et al. Lidocaine tripotassium phosphate complex laden microemulsion for prolonged local anaesthesia: in vitro and in vivo studies. Colloids Surf B: Biointerfaces. 2020;185:110632.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Pandey SS, Patel MA, Desai DT, Patel HP, Gupta AR, Joshi SV, et al. Bioavailability enhancement of repaglinide from transdermally applied nanostructured lipid carrier gel: optimization, in vitro and in vivo studies. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2020;57:101731.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Pandey S, Swamy SV, Gupta A, Koli A, Patel S, Maulvi F, et al. Multiple response optimisation of processing and formulation parameters of pH sensitive sustained release pellets of capecitabine for targeting colon. J Microencapsul. 2018;35(3):259–71.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Desai AR, Maulvi FA, Desai DM, Shukla MR, Ranch KM, Vyas BA, et al. Multiple drug delivery from the drug-implants-laden silicone contact lens: addressing the issue of burst drug release. Mater Sci Eng C. 2020;110885.

  52. Lin JH, Sugiyama Y, Awazu S, Hanano M. In vitro andin vivo evaluation of the tissue-to-blood partition coefficient for physiological pharmacokinetic models. J Pharmacokinet Biopharm. 1982;10(6):637–47.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Mirfazaelian A, Kim K-B, Anand SS, Kim HJ, Tornero-Velez R, Bruckner JV, et al. Development of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for deltamethrin in the adult male Sprague-Dawley rat. Toxicol Sci. 2006;93(2):432–42.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Maulvi FA, Bodaa AM, Desai AR, Choksi HH, Ranch KM, Shah DO. Application of Box-Behnken design in optimization of ibuprofen ternary solid dispersion. J Pharm Appl Sci. 2015;2(2):1–11.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Nasseri B. Effect of cholesterol and temperature on the elastic properties of niosomal membranes. Int J Pharm. 2005;300(1-2):95–101.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Barani M, Nematollahi MH, Zaboli M, Mirzaei M, Torkzadeh-Mahani M, Pardakhty A, et al. In silico and in vitro study of magnetic niosomes for gene delivery: the effect of ergosterol and cholesterol. Mater Sci Eng C. 2019;94:234–46.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Arunachalam A, Jeganath S, Yamini K, Tharangini K. Niosomes: a novel drug delivery system. Int J Novel Trends Pharm Sci. 2012;2(1):25–31.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Devaraj GN, Parakh S, Devraj R, Apte S, Rao BR, Rambhau D. Release studies on niosomes containing fatty alcohols as bilayer stabilizers instead of cholesterol. J Colloid Interface Sci. 2002;251(2):360–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Damera DP, Venuganti VVK, Nag A. Deciphering the role of bilayer of a niosome towards controlling the entrapment and release of dyes. Chemistry. 2018;3(14):3930–8.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Sun J, Wang F, Sui Y, She Z, Zhai W, Wang C, et al. Effect of particle size on solubility, dissolution rate, and oral bioavailability: evaluation using coenzyme Q10 as naked nanocrystals. Int J Nanomedicine. 2012;7:5733.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  61. Junyaprasert VB, Teeranachaideekul V, Supaperm T. Effect of charged and non-ionic membrane additives on physicochemical properties and stability of niosomes. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2008;9(3):851–61.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  62. Akbari V, Abedi D, Pardakhty A, Sadeghi-Aliabadi H. Ciprofloxacin nano-niosomes for targeting intracellular infections: an in vitro evaluation. J Nanopart Res. 2013;15(4):1556.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Vishwakarma N, Jain A, Sharma R, Mody N, Vyas S, Vyas SP. Lipid-based nanocarriers for lymphatic transportation. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2019;20(2):83.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Siegel I, Gordon H. Surfactant-induced increases of permeability of rat oral mucosa to non-electrolytes in vivo. Arch Oral Biol. 1985;30(1):43–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Author notes

  1. Kun Liao and Na Tang contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Medical College, Pingdingshan University, Chongwen Road, Pingdingshan City, 467000, Henan Province, China

    Qiang Liu

  2. Nursing College, Hubei Polytechnic Institute, Yuquan Road, Xiaogan City, 432000, Hubei Province, China

    Jing Xu

  3. Cardiovascular Medicine Department, Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University, Renminxi Road, Chenzhou City, 423000, Hunan Province, China

    Kun Liao & Na Tang

Authors
  1. Qiang Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jing Xu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Kun Liao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Na Tang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Kun Liao or Na Tang.

Ethics declarations

Competing Interests

The authors have no potential conflict of interest to disclose this work.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

This article has been retracted. Please see the retraction notice for more detail: https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-022-02348-z

Supplementary Information

ESM 1

(DOCX 356 kb)

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Liu, Q., Xu, J., Liao, K. et al. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Oral Bioavailability Improvement of Tailored Rosuvastatin Loaded Niosomal Nanocarriers to Manage Ischemic Heart Disease: Optimization, Ex Vivo and In Vivo Studies. AAPS PharmSciTech 22, 58 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-021-01934-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-021-01934-x

KEY WORDS

Search

Navigation