Fig. 1

Predicted force value for LSTM and PLS for three rats. The blue line indicates the true force value, the red and the green lines are PLS and LSTM predictions respectively. a Rat 1: r = 0.82 and \({\text{R}}^{2} = 0.68\), b Rat 2: r = 0.77 and \({\text{R}}^{2} = 0.59\), c Rat 3: r = 0.80 and \({\text{R}}^{2} = 0.62\)