Long-term exposure to high-concentration silver nanoparticles induced toxicity, fatality, bioaccumulation, and histological alteration in fish ( Cyprinus carpio )

Table 3 Comparison of the present study with previous studies, showing the results at the end of the experiment

Fish	NPs type	Concentration selection method	Duration	Organs analyzed	Histological study	Bioaccumulation	Reference
Common carp fish	AgNPs	0.04, 0.08 mg/L	96 h	Gills, liver, and intestine	Epithelial lifting, telangiectasia in secondary lamellae, and epithelial necrosis	Mostly in the liver and intestine	[27]
Zebrafish, rainbow trout fish	CuNPs	1 mg/L	96 h	Gills	Damage of gill filaments	N/A	[28]
Epinephelus coioides	CuNPs	100 μg/L	25 days	Gills, intestine, liver, and muscles	Cell apoptosis in gills, liver	Liver, gills, intestine, and muscles	[29]
Common carp fish	AgNPs	0.75 mg/L	14 days	Gills	Telangiectasia and epithelial cell hyperplasia in fish gills	N/A	[5]
Common carp fish	ZnONPs	50 mg/L	30 days	Gills, liver intestine, and brain	Irregular cell outline, abnormal pyknotic nuclei, shrinkage of cell	Mostly accumulated in the liver and gills	[30]
Common carp fish	CuNPs	N/A	21 days	Gills, intestine, and liver	N/A	Mostly accumulated in the liver and intestine	[31]
Common carp fish	B-AgNPs	0.03, 0.06, 0.09 mg/L	20 days	Gills, intestine, muscles, liver	Histological alteration mostly occurred at the highest concentration of B-AgNPs in gills and intestine	Widely accumulated in the liver, followed by the intestine, gills, and muscle	Our study