Correction to: CancerCostMod: a model of the healthcare expenditure, patient resource use, and patient co-payment costs for Australian cancer patients
Correction to: Health Economics Review (2018) 8:28
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13561-018-0212-8
Correction
Following publication of the original article [1], the authors reported errors on their article.
Total cost of cancer during the first 12-months post-diagnosis by cancer type1
| COST TO THE AUSTRALIAN HEALTHCARE SYSTEM (AUD) | Patient co-payment5 (AUD) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N2 | Hospital episodes3 | ED presentations | MBS rebate4 | PBS rebate | Total cost to the healthcare system | Average healthcare cost per person (SD) | Total | Average per person (SD) | |
| All cancers combined | 123,900 | 3,824,163,400 | 88,103,100 | 263,243,600 | 631,804,300 | 4,807,314,400 | 38,800 (42,900) | 127,673,700 | 1000 (2000) |
| Prostate cancer | 20,700 | 374,172,600 | 6,416,200 | 36,828, 600 | 38,650,600 | 456,068,000 | 22,000 (18,700) | 16,324,000 | 800 (1200) |
| Breast cancer | 15,400 | 377,396,200 | 6,744,700 | 36,690, 600 | 170,956,200 | 591,787,700 | 38,300 (31,300) | 21,040, 900 | 1400 (1500) |
| Colorectal cancer | 14,800 | 643,503,400 | 11,849,400 | 30,563,000 | 71,878,900 | 757,794,700 | 51,300 (39,800) | 16,979,500 | 1100 (1800) |
| Blood and lymphatic system | 13,300 | 616,132,000 | 13,286,600 | 40,503,100 | 176,947,100 | 846,868,700 | 63,600 (73,600) | 24,655,400 | 1900 (4100) |
| Melanoma of the skin | 12,300 | 70,844,800 | 1,575,700 | 23,174,800 | 12,506,700 | 108,102,000 | 8800 (13,400) | 4,945,100 | 400 (500) |
| Tracheal, bronchus and lung cancer | 11,100 | 434,675,600 | 15,618,400 | 24,164,600 | 45,331,000 | 519,789,700 | 46,800 (35,700) | 10,168,700 | 900 (1700) |
| Digestive organs | 10,100 | 433,725,600 | 12,668,100 | 20,303,100 | 31,119,600 | 497,816,400 | 49,400 (38,400) | 11,273,000 | 1100 (2000) |
| Cancers of the urinary tract | 6200 | 202,334,900 | 5,022,300 | 10,703,000 | 17,623,000 | 235,683,200 | 38,000 (32,600) | 4,816,000 | 800 (1100) |
| Gynaecological cancers | 5200 | 159,616,700 | 3,121,600 | 10,475,000 | 16,774,700 | 189,988,000 | 36,400 (32,700) | 5,171,800 | 1000 (1600) |
| Head and neck | 4000 | 141,306,700 | 2,478,200 | 10,264,700 | 9,019,700 | 163,069,400 | 40,500 (47,200) | 2,374,400 | 600 (1200) |
| Other or ill-defined cancers | 2700 | 76,240,900 | 2,316,900 | 4,295,300 | 6,051,400 | 88,904,500 | 32,800 (31,500) | 2,239,700 | 800 (1700) |
| Thyroid and other endocrine glands | 2600 | 55,221,900 | 799,400 | 4,195,500 | 3,631,300 | 63,848,200 | 24,600 (35,800) | 1,180,600 | 500 (600) |
| Eye, brain and CNS | 1900 | 114,903,700 | 3,113,900 | 3,324,700 | 17,342,800 | 138,685,000 | 71,800 (73,200) | 2,830,000 | 1500 (2300) |
| Mesothelioma, Kaposi Sarcoma, and soft tissue | 1600 | 69,741,200 | 1,882,200 | 3,245,200 | 9,187,200 | 84,055,900 | 51,500 (47,800) | 2,080,100 | 1300 (2200) |
| Male genital organs, exc prostate | 900 | 19,635,700 | 678,900 | 2,190,200 | 2,267,400 | 24,772,300 | 26,800 (30,900) | 643,200 | 700 (1200) |
| Other skin cancer | 800 | 15,355,100 | 283,300 | 1,749,400 | 1,456,800 | 18,844,600 | 22,700 (30,200) | 541,900 | 700 (1100) |
Total cost of cancer for the first 12-months post-diagnosis, by population groups1
| COST TO THE AUSTRALIAN HEALTHCARE SYSTEM (AUD) | Patient co-payment4 (AUD) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Hospital episodes2 | ED presentations | MBS rebate3 | PBS rebate | Total cost to the healthcare system | Average healthcare cost per person (SD) | Total | Average per person (SD) | |
| Weighted total | 123,900 | 3,824,163,400 | 88,103,100 | 263,243,600 | 631,804,300 | 4,807,314,400 | 38,800 (42,900) | 127,673,700 | 1000 (2000) |
| Indigenous status | |||||||||
| Non-Indigenous Australian | 121,800 | 3,749,654,000 | 85,643,100 | 259,009,200 | 623,618,600 | 4,717,924,900 | 38,700 (42,800) | 126,913,100 | 1000 (2000) |
| Indigenous Australian | 2100 | 74,509,400 | 2,459,900 | 4,234,500 | 8,185,700 | 89,389,500 | 42,700 (48,800) | 760,600 | 400 (800) |
| Rurality5 | |||||||||
| Metropolitan | 58,500 | 1,738,821,800 | 38,505,200 | 125,884,200 | 306,909,000 | 2,210,120,300 | 37,800 (39,900) | 65,570,600 | 1100 (1900) |
| Regional | 54,500 | 1,721,146,800 | 42,165,900 | 116,837,100 | 270,755,900 | 2,150,905,700 | 39,500 (43,800) | 52,061,400 | 1000 (1900) |
| Remote | 10,200 | 352,165,600 | 6,805,500 | 19,718,200 | 52,844,900 | 431,534,200 | 42,200 (53,800) | 9,831,600 | 1000 (2500) |
| IRSD6 Quintiles5 | |||||||||
| Q1 (Most disadvantaged) | 11,300 | 387,822,900 | 11,248,900 | 21,232,900 | 47,295,500 | 467,600,300 | 41,400 (44,100) | 9,226,300 | 800 (1900) |
| Q2 | 5700 | 183,953,200 | 3,180,500 | 11,653,000 | 28,801,500 | 227,588,200 | 39,800 (43,700) | 4,900,200 | 900 (1800) |
| Q3 | 19,900 | 635,646,500 | 14,727,500 | 41,726,900 | 102,484,100 | 794,585,000 | 39,900 (48,500) | 17,757,000 | 1100 (1800) |
| Q4 | 56,000 | 1,715,299,900 | 42,010,300 | 128,352,200 | 288,661,500 | 2,174,323,900 | 38,800 (42,000) | 59,401,200 | 1100 (1800) |
| Q5 (Least disadvantaged) | 30,200 | 889,411,700 | 16,309,300 | 59,474,600 | 163,267,300 | 1,128,462,900 | 37,300 (40,200) | 36,179,100 | 1200 (2000) |
Five generalized linear models of the cost of cancer for the first 12-months1
| Hospital episodes2 | ED presentations | MBS rebate3 | PBS rebates | Patient co-payment4 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ratio | Estimate (SE) | Ratio | Estimate (SE) | Ratio | Estimate (SE) | Ratio | Estimate (SE) | Ratio | Estimate (SE) | |
| Intercept | 8.5519 (0.0483) *** | – | 5.4363 (0.0728) *** | – | 5.7499 (0.0382) *** | – | 6.8536 (0.0721) *** | – | 4.7398 (0.0593) *** | |
| Age | 1.01 | 0.0062 (0.0005) *** | 1.01 | 0.0103 (0.0008) *** | 1.00 | −0.0021 (0.0004) *** | 0.99 | −0.0109 (0.0008) *** | 1.00 | 0.0033 (0.0006) *** |
| Female | 0.88 | −0.1267 (0.0167) *** | 0.95 | −0.0537 (0.0262) * | 0.95 | −0.0551 (0.0129) *** | 0.85 | −0.1597 (0.0234) *** | 0.98 | −0.0214 (0.0192) |
| Indigenous Australians | 1.02 | 0.0220 (0.0525) | 1.23 | 0.2095 (0.0752) ** | 0.92 | −0.0888 (0.0402) * | 0.82 | −0.1928 (0.0735) ** | 0.39 | −0.9315 (0.0619) *** |
| Inner and outer regional area | 1.04 | 0.0364 (0.0165) * | 1.02 | 0.0196 (0.0275) | 0.99 | −0.0138 (0.0126) | 1.04 | 0.0366 (0.0231) | 0.94 | −0.0571 (0.0189) ** |
| Remote and very remote area | 1.10 | 0.0947 (0.0268) *** | 1.03 | 0.0322 (0.0454) | 0.90 | −0.1092 (0.0207) *** | 1.10 | 0.0912 (0.0381) * | 0.98 | −0.0219 (0.0311) |
| IRSD5 Q2 | 1.02 | 0.0214 (0.0373) | 1.00 | 0.0004 (0.0626) | 1.07 | 0.0675 (0.0289) * | 1.05 | 0.0474 (0.0519) | 1.00 | −0.0026 (0.0432) |
| IRSD5 Q3 | 0.98 | −0.0232 (0.0279) | 1.01 | 0.0097 (0.0420) | 1.08 | 0.0805 (0.0216) *** | 1.11 | 0.1053 (0.0389) ** | 1.00 | −0.0020 (0.0324) |
| IRSD5 Q4 | 0.95 | −0.0510 (0.0250) * | 0.98 | −0.0215 (0.0368) | 1.18 | 0.1642 (0.0193) *** | 1.17 | 0.1582 (0.0348) *** | 1.23 | 0.2033 (0.0289) *** |
| IRSD5 Q5 (least disadvantaged) | 0.93 | −0.0700 (0.0293) * | 0.94 | −0.0603 (0.0467) | 1.00 | 0.0016 (0.0226) | 1.19 | 0.1703 (0.0411) *** | 1.32 | 0.2746 (0.0338) *** |
Subsequently, the following sentences needed to be corrected. Corrected content is shown in bold:
Abstract, Results, Discussion
The total initial cost associated with newly diagnosed cancer for the healthcare system is $4.8 billion. Hospital episodes accounted for 80% of the healthcare expenditure, followed by PBS (13%) and MBS (5%).
Results, subheading “Results of Cost of cancer during the first 12-months post-diagnosis by population group”, 2nd paragraph:
Indigenous Australians had significantly higher costs for ED presentations (23% higher), but significantly lower costs for MBS rebates (8% lower), PBS rebates (18% lower), and patient co-payments (61% lower) compared to non-Indigenous Australians. [The words “for hospital episodes (22%)” have been removed from the sentence].
The costs for hospital episodes were significantly higher in the first 12-months post-diagnosis with increasing remoteness, 4% for people living in inner and outer regional areas, and 10% higher for people living in remote and very remote areas compared to those living in metropolitan areas. [these percents were previously reported as 6% and 15% higher, respectively].
Compared to those living in the most disadvantaged areas (IRSD Q1), those in quintiles 4–5 had decreasing costs associated with hospital episodes [quintiles 3–4 were previously reported].
Reference
- 1.Bates N, Callander E, Lindsay D, et al. CancerCostMod: a model of the healthcare expenditure, patient resource use, and patient co-payment costs for Australian cancer patients. Health Econ Rev. 2018;8:–28. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13561-018-0212-8.
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