Abstract
It is known that the dipole moments of the neutrino lead to important astrophysical and cosmological effects. In this regard, within the context of a \(U(1)_\mathrm{B-L}\) model, we develop and present novel analytical formulas to assess the effects of the anomalous magnetic moment and electric dipole moment of the neutrino on the stellar energy loss rates through some common physical process of pair-annihilation \(e^+e^-\rightarrow (\gamma , Z, Z^{\prime })\rightarrow \nu \bar{\nu }\). Our results show that the stellar energy loss rates strongly depend on the effective magnetic moment of the neutrino, but also on the parameters which characterize the adopted \(U(1)_\mathrm{B-L}\) model.
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This manuscript has associated data in a data repository. [Authors’ comment: Data are publicly released on a regular basis by Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas at ricaxcan.uaz.edu.mx/jspui.]
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Acknowledgements
A. G. R. and M. A. H. R. thank SNI and PROFEXCE (México).
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Appendices
Appendix A: Lagrangian of the \(U(1)_{B-L}\) model
For the Lagrangian of the \(U(1)_\mathrm{B-L}\) model, the terms for the interactions between neutral gauge bosons \(Z, Z^{\prime }\) and a pair of fermions of the SM can be written as [21, 39, 40]:
Thus, the expressions for the new couplings between the \(Z, Z^{\prime }\) bosons and the SM fermions are presented in Table 1. As usual, the SM couplings are recovered in the limit when \(\theta _\mathrm{B-L}=0\) and \(g^{\prime }_1=0\),
Appendix B: Couplings constants
In Eq. (18), we have redefined the coupling constants of the \(U\left( 1\right) _\mathrm{B-L}\) model as:
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Llamas-Bugarín, A., Gutiérrez-Rodríguez, A., González-Sánchez, A. et al. Stellar energy loss rates beyond the standard model. Eur. Phys. J. Plus 135, 481 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-020-00454-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-020-00454-0