Abstract
This review details the mechanisms of aging from the position of common signaling molecules produced in three regulatory systems: nervous, endocrine, and immune. It shows that the neuroendocrine hormonal regulation of homeostasis plays an important role in the complex chain of processes that lead to aging of cells, tissues, organs, and the body as a whole. Particular attention is given to morphofunctional involution of nervous, endocrine, and immune systems, accompanied by a breach of elaborate signaling molecules. Detailed analysis and further development of integrated molecular commonality of views on the regulatory systems of both the central and especially local levels, opens vast new opportunities for deepening knowledge of the mechanisms of aging, as well as for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases associated with aging in which pathogenesis, the discoordination of neuroimmunoendocrine signaling mechanisms plays an important role.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anisimov, V.N. and Solov’ev, M.V., Evolyutsiya kontsesptsii v gerontologii (Evolution of Concepts in Gerontology), St. Petersburg: Eskulap, 1999.
Vvedenie v molekulyarnuyu meditsinu (Introduction to Molecular Medicine), Paltsev, M.A., Ed., Moscow: Medicine, 2004.
Kvetnoy, I.M. and Ingel’, I.E., Hormonal Function of Nonendocrine Cells: The Role of New Biological Phenomenon in the Regulation of Homeostasis, Byul. Eksp. Biol., 2000, vol. 130, no. 11, pp. 483–487.
Kvetnoy, I.N., Yarilin, A.A., and Polyakova, V.O., Neiroimmunoendokrinologiya gomeostaza (Neuroimmunoendocrinology of Homeostasis), St.-Petersburg.: Dean, 2005.
Kvetnoy, I.M., Raikhlin, N.T., Yuzhakov, V.V., and Ingel, I.E., Extrapineal Melatonin: Place and Role in the Neuroendocrine Regulation of Homeostasis, Byul. Eksp. Biol., 1999, vol. 127, no. 4, pp. 364–370.
Khavinson, V. Kh., Kvetnoy, I.M., and Yuzhakov, V.V., Peptidergicheskaya regulyatsiya gomeostaza (Peptidergic Regulation of Homeostasis), St. Petersburg: Nauka, 2003.
Yarilin, A.A., Cytokines in Thymus. Production and Reception of Cytokines, Tsitokiny Vosp., 2003, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 3–13.
Ahima, R.S., Adipose Tissue as an Endocrine Organ, Obesity, 2006, Suppl. 5, pp. 242–249.
Ahima, R.S., Osei, S. Y., Adipokines in Obesity, Front. Horm. Res., 2008, vol. 36, pp. 182–197.
Atkinson, T.J., Central and Peripheral Neuroendocrine Peptides and Signaling in Appetite Regulation: Consideration for Obesity Pharmacotherapy, Obes. Rev., 2008, vol. 9, no 2, pp. 108–120.
Neuroimmunoendocrinology. Chemical Immunology, 3rd revisited and enlarged edition, Blalock, J.E., Ed., Basel-Karger, 1997.
Blum, J.W. and Baumrucker, C.R., Insulin-like Growth Factors (IGFs), IGF Binding Proteins, and Other Endocrine Factors in Milk: Role in Newborn, Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 2008, vol. 606, pp. 397–422.
Chapman, C.R., Tuckett, R.P., and Song C.W., Pain and Stress in a System Perspective: Reciprocal Neural, Endocrine, and Immune Interactions, J. Pain., 2008, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 122–145.
Correa, S.G., Maccioni, M., Rivero, V.E., et al., Cytokines and the Immune-Neuroendocrine Network: What Did We Learn from Infection and Autoimmunity? Cytokine Growth Factor Rev., 2007, vol. 30, pp. 2325–2329.
Gallowitsch-Puerta, M. and Pavlov, V.A., Neuro-Immune Interactions via the Cholinergic Anti-Inflammatory Pathway, Life Sci., 2007, vol. 18, nos. 1–2, pp. 125–134.
Hall, J.E., Neuroendocrine Changes with Reproductive Aging in Women, Semin. Reprod. Med., 2007, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 344–351.
Jensen, R.T., Battey, J.F., Spindel, E.R., and Benya, R.V., International Union of Pharmacology. LXVIII Mammalian Bombesin Receptors: Nomenclature, Distribution, Pharmacology, Signaling and Functions in Normal and Disease States, Pharmacol. Rev., 2008, vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 1–42.
Kvetnoy, I., Popuichiev, V., Mikhina, L., et al., Gut Neuroendocrine Cells: Relationship to the Proliferative Activity and Apoptosis of Mucous Epitheliocytes in Aging, Neuroendocr. Lett., 2001, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 337–341.
Kventoy, I.M., Ingel, I.E., Kvetnaia, T.V., et al., Gastrointestinal Melatonin: Cellular Identification and Biological Role, Neuroendocr. Lett., 2002, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 121–132.
Kvetnoy, I.M., Polyakova, V.O., Trofimov, A.V., et al., Hormonal Function and Proliferative Activity of Thymic Cells in Humans: Immunocytochemical Correlations, Neuroendocr. Lett., 2003, vol. 24, nos. 3–4, pp. 263–258.
Lam, I.P, Siu, F.K., Chu, J.Y., and Chow, B.K., Multiple Actions of Secretin in the Human Body, Int. Rev. Cytol., 2008, vol. 265, pp. 159–190.
Markus, R.P., Ferreira, Z.S., Fernandes, P.A., and Cecon, E., The Immune-Pineal Axis: A Shuttle between Endocrine and Paracrine Melatonin Sources, Neuroimmunomodulation, 2007, vol. 14, nos. 3–4, pp. 126–133.
Minici, F., Tiberi, F., Tropea, A., et al., Paracrine Regulation of Endometriotic Tissue, Gynecol. Endocrinol., 2007, vol. 23, no. 10, pp. 574–580.
Pearse, A.G.E., The Cytochemistry and Ultrastructure of Polypeptide Hormone-Producing Cells of the APUD Series and the Embryologic, Physiologic and Pathologic Implications of the Concept, J. Histochem. Cytochem., 1969, vol. 17, pp. 303–313.
Pearse, A.G.E., The Diffuse Endocrine System and the Implications of the APUD Concept, Int. Surg., 1979, vol. 64, no. 2, pp. 5–7.
Polak, J.M. and Bloom, S.R., Immunocytochemistry of the Diffuse Neuroendocrine System, in Immunocytochemistry: Modern Methods and Applications, Polak, J.M. and Van Noorden, S., Eds., Bristol: John Wright, 1986, pp. 328–348.
Salzet, M. and Tasiemski, A., Involvement of Pro-Enkephalin-Derived Peptides in Immunity, Dev. Comp. Immunol., 2001, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 177–185.
Savino, W., Neuroendocrine Control of T Cell Development in Mammals: Role of Growth of Hormone in Modulating Thymocyte Migration, Exp. Physiol., 2007, vol. 92, no. 5, pp. 13–17.
Wrona, D., Neural-Immune Interactions: An Integrative View of the Bidirectional Relationship between the Brain and Immune System, J. Neuroimmunol., 2006, vol. 172, nos. 1–2, pp. 38–58.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © M.A. Paltsev, I.M. Kvetnoy, V.O. Polyakova, T.V. Kvetnaia, A.V. Trofimov, 2009, published in Uspekhi Gerontologii, 2009, Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 24–36.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Paltsev, M.A., Kvetnoy, I.M., Polyakova, V.O. et al. Neuroimmunoendocrine mechanisms of aging. Adv Gerontol 1, 28–38 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1134/S2079057011010103
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S2079057011010103