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The Role of Transmembrane Glycoproteins, Integrins and Serpentines in Platelet Adhesion and Activation

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Biochemistry (Moscow), Supplement Series A: Membrane and Cell Biology Aims and scope

Abstract

Platelets are unique cells of human body: they lack nucleus, are rather small in size (1–2 μm) and involved in several physiological functions, including hemostasis, immunity and angiogenesis. Platelets play a key role in the initiation of thrombosis upon injury of the blood vessels of the arterial bed, in which blood flows with high shear rates are observed. According to the generally accepted concepts, the reaction of platelets to endothelial injury at local shear rates of more than 1000 s–1 is the primary binding of the GPIb-IX-V receptor complex glycoproteins with von Willebrand factor, a large multimeric blood protein which can specifically bind to collagen fibers. For further performance of their functions, and first of all, for stable attachment to the injured surface, platelet has to be activated. There are more than ten types of receptors on the platelet membrane, which trigger several cascades of intracellular signaling that leads to the restructuring of the cytoskeleton, granule secretion and activation of integrins, which provide the ability of platelets to strong adhesion and aggregation. This review is focused on the biophysical aspects of the interaction of transmembrane glycoproteins and integrins with extracellular ligands, as well as modern ideas about the mechanisms of platelet activation that is necessary to stabilize their primary adhesion and aggregation.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project nos. 16-04-01163 and 16-31-60061-mol_a_dk), by the grants of the President of Russian Federation (project nos. MK-2706.2017.4 and MD-229.2017.4), and by the scholarship grant of the President of Russian Federation (project no. SP-2427.2015.4).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Moscow State University, Department of Physics, 119991, Moscow, Russia

    A. N. Sveshnikova, A. V. Belyaev, M. A. Panteleev & D. Y. Nechipurenko

  2. Dmitry Rogachev National Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, 117997, Moscow, Russia

    A. N. Sveshnikova, M. A. Panteleev & D. Y. Nechipurenko

  3. Center for Theoretical Problems of Physico-Chemical Pharmacology, 119991, Moscow, Russia

    A. N. Sveshnikova, M. A. Panteleev & D. Y. Nechipurenko

  4. Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700, Dolgoprudnyi, Moscow oblast, Russia

    M. A. Panteleev

Authors
  1. A. N. Sveshnikova
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  2. A. V. Belyaev
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  3. M. A. Panteleev
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  4. D. Y. Nechipurenko
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to D. Y. Nechipurenko.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. This article does not contain any studies involving animals or human participants performed by any of the authors.

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Translated by E. Puchkov

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Sveshnikova, A.N., Belyaev, A.V., Panteleev, M.A. et al. The Role of Transmembrane Glycoproteins, Integrins and Serpentines in Platelet Adhesion and Activation. Biochem. Moscow Suppl. Ser. A 12, 315–326 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1990747818050070

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1990747818050070

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